This study aims to look for the care environmental factor reducing daily stress of young children placed in long hour child care centers. Therefore, research questions are (1) how the hours and the environmental factors in child care centers affect on...
This study aims to look for the care environmental factor reducing daily stress of young children placed in long hour child care centers. Therefore, research questions are (1) how the hours and the environmental factors in child care centers affect on young children's daily stress, and (2) whether the environmental factors moderates the impact of the hours children spent in centers on their daily stress.
For this purpose, the subjects were 380 children age-ranged from 3 to 5 years old and 29 teachers from 10 child care centers located in Seoul and other cities in Kyungki, South Korea. Korean Preschool Daily Stress Scale(KPDSS) for children's daily stress and Early Childhood Environmental Rating Scale-Revised(ECERS-R) for quality of each classroom of centers were implemented as well as teacher's report. Data were analyzed using one-way and two-way ANOVA, t-test, correlation, multiple regression, and moderated regression analyses.
The main findings were summarized as following: (1) The more hours he/she spent in the center, the more stress he/she had. Children who spent 9 hours or more had more stress than children with 7 hours or less. (2) Among the 7 quality factors including space and furnishings, personal care routines, language reasoning, activities, interaction, program structure, parents ․staff, the interaction level between a teacher and a child and the level of parents and staff had main impact on children's daily stress. The lower the interaction level between a teacher and a child, the more stress a child experienced. Despite a high level of parental support and a high level of teachers, if teachers were overloaded, children's daily stress was high. Among the teachers' individual characteristic factors such as age, education, career years, turnover experience, and whether married or not, children who had younger teachers experienced more daily stress. Among teachers' working environmental factors, reeducation opportunities, working hours, hours with children, salary, and days of leave, the longer working hours teachers had, the more stress children had.
Thirdly, the qualitative factors of child care, language reasoning level, interaction level, parental support, and level of teachers reduced children's daily stress which was affected by the hours they spent in centers. Thus in order to reduce daily stress of children who attend more than 9 hours a day, it is crucial to promote language reasoning activities and interaction between teachers and children and to improve parental support and teachers' professionalism. In addition, among the structural factors of child care, the number of groups in a classroom reduced daily stress of children who attended longer hours. In the case of a classroom in which more groups sharing the same daily schedule, if the children's attending hours were 8 and 9 hours or more, their daily stress was reduced. The more groups stayed in a classroom, the more children interacted, and the more conflict between children occurred. However, as time passes, comparatively the less children left, and the less stress they experienced. Among the teachers' individual characteristic factors, turnover experience functioned as a moderator in the effect of children's attending hours on their daily stress. Teachers' turnover experience moderated daily stress of children who stayed 8 and 9 hours or more in the centers. The less experience of turnover teachers had, the less stress children experienced.
The findings concluded as follow: For children who need longer hour child care, the quality of child care environment needs to be secured in order to reduce children's daily stress. Additionally. targeting child care teachers, reeducation for quality interaction with children need to be provided. To promote communication and interaction with children and parents, curriculums in teacher training institutes need to expand the hours and the opportunities to learn about quality communication and interaction. Furthermore, to improve structural quality which has an impact on process quality, the optimal environment need to be guaranteed thus teachers with superior ability can function securely by setting a rule for shiftwork or by hiring teachers for extended hours.