Korea’s growth rate of the elderly population is amazingly rapidly increasing, and this growth rate is so rapid that it is hard to find a similar case in the world. According to a report on population status in 2010 released by the National Bureau o...
Korea’s growth rate of the elderly population is amazingly rapidly increasing, and this growth rate is so rapid that it is hard to find a similar case in the world. According to a report on population status in 2010 released by the National Bureau of Statistics, the proportion of the people aged over 65 was 11.0%. Moreover, the report goes on to say that this proportion is three times as high as the ratio of 3.1% in 1970.
Amid the fast aging population, the first attention on an elderly welfare legislation began with writing a relevant draft by officials in the late 1960s. However, despite of several attempts to enact an elderly related bill in the 1970s, the National Assembly did not pass the bill, and the bill was discarded. The cause of the failure to make an elderly welfare law was twofold : a lack of consensus on the need of an elderly welfare act and a great concern about national economic growth.
In the 1980s, some practical works with respect to enactment dealing with elderly welfare started. In 1980, the Ministry of Health and Welfare held enactment hearings two times in May and June, drafted ‘Elderly Welfare Act’ in August, and the bill was submitted to the National Assembly (107th Temporary Session)inMay 1981. Finally, the bill was enacted and became a law on the 5th of June 1981.
Since the first amendment to the ‘Elderly Welfare Act’ in 1984, the act has been revised over 20 times. Concerning the second amendment in 1989, the act was revised in order to include home volunteers’ assistance, regulations on old-age allowance, regulations on elderly livelihood support, the diversification of elderly welfare facilities. Because the second amendment was so considerable that it was called the ‘second enactment.’
Coming into the 1990s, the third amendment of the act in 1993 allowed the private sector to be able to open lucrative elderly welfare facilities, resulting in establishing grounds for the improvement of the efficiency of elderly welfare. In addition, in 1997 through the fifth amendment, the ‘Elderly Day’ (October 2) and the ‘Elderly Respect Month’ (October) were proclaimed.
Through the 2000s, the ‘Elderly Welfare Act’ has been revised to cope with the needs of aged people by including measures such as elderly housing, the prevention of elderly abuse, and basic old-age pension system.
In reference to the transition of the law for the welfare of the aged, I have looked into treating importantly the bills of the welfare policy of the aged in the 17th and 18th National Assemblies. It appears that the re are 218 bills to be passed by the Assembly plenary sessionin the 17th, 18th National Assemblies. 145 bills of 218 were passed in the 17th National Assembly. Nevertheless, the term of the 18th National Assembly still remains a half year. The handling of legislation in the 18th National Assembly is less than that of the 17th, considering the 19th Assembly election of April 11, 2012.
Looking into treating the bills, 63% of the whole have passed in its original form. There are 19 bills related the welfare policy for the aged in the 17, 18th National Assemblies. The result is just 8.7% of all the bills that passed in the Committee for Health and welfare in the 17th, 18th National Assemblies.
We all live our lives experiencing birth, old age, sickness, and death, the four phases of life. If we become old and aged, we run into several practical problems as loneliness, isolation, health, income and loss of role and position. In order to solve these problems, I suggest that we aim the following points as the direction of the welfare policy for the aged.
First, we restructure the structure of aging population. Second, we need to start pension system. Third, job creation is needed urgently. Four, if possible, add more medical welfare. Fifth, we need the expansion of welfare supported by the government and the spread of respect for the aged. Finally, I expect that the 18th National Assembly pays more attention to job creation for the aged.