국립과천과학관의 전시물과 교육프로그램 분석 및 교육적 활용방안 연구 = Analysis of scientific exhibits in the Gwacheon national science museum and their utilization for science education

국문 초록 (Abstract)

과학관은 과학 및 기술의 자료를 보존, 전시하며 모든 사람을 위한 과학기술지식을 보급하고 과학의 정신과 탐구능력을 함양하는 시설이라고 정의할 수 있다.
본 연구는 2008년에 개관한 국립과천과학관을 사례로 전시물을 교육과정에 의거하여 조사, 분석하고, 현재의 과학과 교육과정과 연계가 잘 되어 있는지 살펴보고자 한다. 또한 과학관의 교육프로그램의 특징을 알아보고, 교육프로그램과 전시물과 관련된 부분을 찾아 이를 통해 학교에서 과학 교수-학습을 하는 데 있어서 적극적으로 활용할 수 있도록 하는 것이 연구의 목적이다. 본 연구는 실제 국립과천과학관에서의 과학교육 전문 봉사활동을 통해 수집한 정보 및 과학관 연구사들에 의한 정책연구자료, 선행연구 분석을 통해 수집한 정보를 분석하는 것을 주요 연구방법으로 사용하였다.
국립과천과학관은 21세기형 과학관을 지향하는 국내 최초의 대규모 종합 과학관으로서, 전시품의 50% 이상이 첨단 영상매체를 이용한 체험 및 참여형으로서 즐기고 느끼며 감동하는 과학문화공간을 갖추고 있다. 국립과천과학관 상설전시관의 기초과학관, 어린이 탐구체험관, 첨단기술관, 자연사관, 전통과학관과 옥외전시의 천체투영관의 전시물을 분석해본 결과, 교육과정과 많은 관련성을 찾아볼 수 있었다. 전시관의 주제별로 차이가 있지만 전체적으로 가장 많이 관련된 교과는 물리와 지구과학교과였으며, 기초과학관과 첨단과학관에서 교과와의 연관성을 크게 찾아볼 수 있었다.
특히, 국립과천과학관의 첨단기술관 전시물에서는 생명과학, 정보통신, 에너지 환경, 항공우주, 기계 소재의 첨단과학을 보여줌으로써 과학교육의 STS(과학, 기술, 사회와의 상호작용)적 관점을 바탕으로 과학과 관련된 사회문제에 대해 다양한 관점을 제시함으로서 다양한 맥락 속에서 존재하는 과학을 보여주고 있었다.
국립과천과학관의 교육프로그램은 대부분 전시물과 연관되어 전시 관람을 수반하는 프로그램으로 구성되어 있었다. 전시물소개와 전시물을 통한 자기학습을 효율적으로 제공하기 위한 워크북을 개발하여 학생들의 교육과정 수준을 고려하여 전시물을 능동적으로 이해할 수 있도록 하였으며, 전시물을 이용한 현장학습에서 교사의 역할을 효율적으로 하기 위한 교사연수 프로그램을 통해 과학교사가 이를 지도해 줄 수 있는 프로그램을 운영하였다. 또한 자유탐구학습의 날을 신설하고 새롭게 개정된 교육과정과 연계된 자유탐구학습을 제시하여, 학생들이 장기간에 걸쳐 과학의 심도 있는 학습을 할 수 있도록 하는 프로그램도 있었다.
본 논문을 통하여 과학관에서의 교육과 학교교육에서의 교육을 효과적으로 연계시킬 수 있을 것이다. 또한 과학관을 활용하는 수업을 통하여, 학생들의 과학에 대한 관심과 흥미를 높여주어 학생들이 과학적으로 판단하고 탐구할 수 있는 과학적 소양을 가질 수 있을 것이다.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 목차
• Ⅰ. 서론 ··························································································1
• 1. 연구의 필요성 및 목적 ·····························································1
• 2. 연구문제 ················································································4
• 3. 연구의 제한점 ·········································································5
• Ⅱ. 연구의 이론적 배경 및 선행연구 ····················································6
• 1. 과학관의 개념 및 분류 ·····························································6
• 가. 과학관의 개념 ··································································6
• 나. 과학관의 분류 ··································································8
• 2. 과학관의 기능 및 역할 ·····························································9
• 가. 과학관의 기능 ··································································9
• 나. 과학관의 역할 ································································15
• 3. 과학관에서의 과학교육 ···························································16 가. 과학관에서의 비형식 학습 ················································18
• 나. 과학관과 과학교육 ··························································19
• 다. 정규학습에서의 과학관이용 ··············································21
• 4. 선행연구 ···············································································24
• 가. 과학관의 전시물 분석과 학교 교육과정과의 연계성에 대한 선행 연구 ·············································································24
• 나. 과학관 교육 프로그램에 대한 선행연구 ······························25
• Ⅲ. 연구 대상 및 방법 ·····································································27
• 1. 연구대상 ···············································································27
• 가. 국립과천과학관의 선정이유 ··············································27
• 나. 국립과천과학관의 특징 ····················································28
• 2. 연구방법 ···············································································32
• Ⅳ. 연구결과 ··················································································33
• 1. 전시현황 ···············································································33
• 2. 전시물의 교육과정과의 연계성 ·················································34
• 가. 기초과학관의 전시물과 교육과정과의 연계성 ·························34
• 나. 어린이탐구체험관의 전시물과 교육과정과의 연계성·················42
• 다. 첨단기술관의 전시물과 교육과정과의 연계성 ························44
• 라. 자연사관의 전시물과 교육과정과의 연계성 ···························50
• 마. 천체투영관의 전시물과 교육과정과의 연계성 ························54
• 바. 전통과학관의 전시물과 교육과정과의 연계성 ························56
• 3. 전시물을 이용한 과학관 내 교육프로그램의 특징 및 교육적 활용방안 ···················59
• 가. 국립과천과학관 교육프로그램의 특징 ····································60
• 1) 국립과천과학관의 탐구교실 ············································60
• 2) 국립과천과학관의 시연프로그램 ······································63
• 3) 국립과천과학관의 교사연수프로그램 ································65 나. 국립과천과학관 교육프로그램의 교육적 활용방안 ····················68
• 1) 관람가이드북을 통한 교육적 활용 ···································68
• 2) 자유탐구활동과 교사연수프로그램을 통한 교육적 활용 ·······70
• Ⅴ. 결론 및 제언 ·············································································73
• 1. 결론 ··················································································73
• 가. 국립과천과학관 전시물의 교육과정과의 관련성······················71
• 나. 국립과천과학관 전시물을 이용한 교육프로그램의 교육적 활용 74
• 2. 제언 ··················································································76
• 참고문헌 ························································································78
• Abstract ························································································81