영아의 부정적 정서표현에 대한 교사들의 담론분석 = Analysis of teachers' discourses on infants' negative emotional expressions

국문 초록 (Abstract)

논 문 개 요
본 연구는 영아반 경험이 있는 교사들과의 면담을 통하여 영아의 부정적 정서표현에 대해 교사들은 어떠한 생각을 갖고 있는지 알아보고 영아의 부정적 정서표현에 대한 교사들의 담론을 분석해 보고자 한다. 또한 영아의 부정적 정서표현 상황에서의 교사들의 반응에 따라 영아의 정서가 완화되어 가는 맥락을 분석함으로써 영아반 교사가 영아의 부정적 정서를 이해하고
적절하게 반응할 수 있는 기초자료를 제공하고자 한다.
연구 문제는 다음과 같다.
1) 영아의 부정적 정서표현에 대한 교사들의 인식은 어떠한가?
2) 영아의 부정적 정서표현에 영향을 주는 요소는 무엇인가?
3) 영아의 부정적 정서표현에 대한 교사들의 반응은 어떠한가?
4) 영아의 부정적 정서표현 조절방안에 대한 교사들의 생각은 어떠한가?
본 연구는 영아의 부정적 정서표현에 대한 솔직한 의견을 바탕으로 이뤄지는 질적 연구로서 이미 레포가 형성된 영아반 경험이 있는 10명의 교사를 연구 참여자로 선정했다. 연구를 위한 자료 수집은 2009년 10월 12일부터 2010년 2월27일에 걸쳐 약 5개월가량 집단면담과 개별면담을 통해서 이뤄졌으며 모든 면담은 사전에 참여자의 동의를 구해서 녹음되어졌다. 자료 분석은 녹음자료와 현장기록노트를 유목화하고 분류하였다. 또한 자료 분석의 신뢰성을 확보하고자 유아교육을 전공하고 대학원을 졸업한 교사에게 조언을 얻었다.
본 연구를 통해 얻은 결과는 다음과 같다.
첫째 영아의 부정적 정서표현에 대해 교사들은 영아의 발달과정에서 자연스럽게 나타나는 자연스러운 현상이면서 자기표현의 방식으로 자신의 존재를 알리는 신호라고 인식하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 영아의 부정적 정서표현은 교사들로 하여금 ‘원래 그런 아이’, ‘낙인찍힌 아이’로 부정적인 선입견을 갖게 하고, 이로 인하여 교사들은 한계를 느끼면서 어려움을 겪는 것으로 나타났다.
둘째 교사들은 영아의 부정적 정서표현에 영향을 미치는 요소들이 있다고 인식하고 있었다. 즉, 부모의 양육태도에 따라 영아의 부정적 정서표현의 빈도와 질이 달라진다고 교사들은 이야기 했다. 또한 영아의 경우 의사소통 능력이 부족하기 때문에 언어를 통해서 부정적인 정서를 조절하기 어려움으로 어린 연령 일수록 부정적 정서가 더 많이 표출되기도 하고 학급당 영아
수에 따라서 영아의 부정적 정서표현이 높아지거나 낮아진다는 것을 교사들의 담론을 통해 알 수 있었다.
셋째 영아의 부정적 정서표현에 대한 교사들의 반응은 다음과 같이 나타났다. 즉 타인에게 피해를 주는 부정적인 정서표현에 대해서는 단호한 반응을 보이고 반복되어지는 부정적 정서표현에 대해서는 무시하는 방법을 사용하기도하나 교사들은 영아의 감정이 차분해 질 때까지 기다려주고 그 후에 영아의 정서를 조절해 줌으로써 영아가 긍정적인 정서를 경험할 수 있도록 반
응하고 있는 것으로 나타났다.
넷째 영아의 부정적 정서표현이 긍정적으로 완화될 수 있도록 하기 위하여 영아의 정서발달과 부정적 정서표현의 이해에 대한 교사교육과 부모교육이 필요하다고 교사들은 생각했다. 또한 영아반 교사들은 영아의 부정적 정서 표현에 대해 민감하게 반응해 주기 위해 각 영아에 대한 충분한 정보를 갖고 있어야 된다는 의견을 갖고 있었으며, 영아의 부정적 정서표현을 이해하고 반응해주는 것이 필요하며 더 나아가 부모들에게 영아의 부정적 정서표현과 조절에 대한 조언이 필요하므로 초임교사보다는 경력이 있는 교사들이 영아반 교사를 맡는 것이 도움을 줄 수 있다고 생각하고 있었다.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 논문개요
• Ⅰ. 서 론 ·························································································································· 1
• 1. 연구의 필요성 및 목적 ························································································· 1
• 2. 연구문제 ··················································································································· 3
• 3. 연구자 배경 ············································································································· 4
• Ⅱ.이론적 배경 ··············································································································· 7
• 1. 정서 및 정서조절의 개념 ···················································································· 7
• 1) 정서의 개념 ········································································································ 7
• 2) 정서조절의 개념 ································································································ 9
• 2. 영아의 정서발달 ·································································································· 11
• 1) 영아 정서발달의 특징 ······················································································ 11
• 2) 영아의 부정적 정서표현 ·················································································· 13
• 3. 선행연구 ················································································································· 16
• Ⅲ.연구방법 ···················································································································· 19
• 1. 연구 참여자 ··········································································································· 19
• 1) 연구 참여자 선정 ······························································································ 19
• 2) 연구 참여자 배경 ······························································································ 20
• 2. 연구절차 ················································································································· 24
• 1) 예비연구 ·············································································································· 24
• 2) 본연구 ·················································································································· 24
• 3) 자료수집과 분석 ································································································ 26
• Ⅳ. 결과 및 해석 ········································································································· 28
• 1. 영아의 부정적 정서표현에 대한 교사들의 인식 ········································ 28
• 1) 영아의 부정적 정서표현은 자기표현 방식이에요 ···································· 28
• 2) 영아의 부정적 정서표현은 교사로 하여금 색안경을 끼게 해요 ········· 30
• 3) 영아의 부정적 정서표현은 교사를 어렵게 해요 ······································ 32
• 2. 영아의 부정적 정서표현에 영향을 미치는 요소들 ···································· 34
• 1) 영아의 부정적 정서표현은 의사소통 능력 부족으로 나타나요 ··········· 34
• 2) 영아의 부정적 정서표현은 부모 양육태도에 영향을 받아요 ··············· 36
• 3) 학급당 영아 수에 따라 영아의 부정적 정서표현이 달라져요 ············· 40
• 3. 영아의 부정적 정서표현에 대한 교사들의 반응 ··········································· 43
• 1) 타인에게 피해를 주는 부정적 정서표현에 대해서는 단호하게 반응해야
• 해요 ························································································································ 43
• 2) 반복되는 부정적 정서표현에 대해서는 무시반응도 필요해요 ················ 46
• 3) 영아가 부정적인 정서를 표출할 때 교사의 수용적인 태도는 정말 필요해
• 요 ······························································································································ 47
• 4. 영아의 부정적 정서표현 조절방안에 대한 교사들의 생각 ························· 50
• 1) 교사교육을 통해 영아의 발달이나 부정적 정서에 대한 이해가 필요해요
• ·········································································································································· 51
• 2) 부모교육을 통해 영아의 발달이나 부정적 정서에 대한 이해가 필요해요 53
• 3) 교사들은 영아의 부정적인 표현에 민감하게 반응해야 해요 ···················· 54
• 4) 영아의 부정적인 정서표현은 경력이 있는 교사가 좀 더 긍정적으로 반응
• 해 줄 수 있어요 ···································································································· 57
• Ⅴ. 논의 및 결론 ········································································································· 59
• 1. 요약 및 논의 ······································································································· 59
• 1) 영아의 부정적 정서표현에 대한 교사들의 인식 ······································ 59
• 2) 영아의 부정적 정서표현에 영향을 미치는 요소들 ·································· 60
• 3) 영아의 부정적 정서표현에 대한 교사들의 반응 ······································ 63
• 4) 영아의 부정적 정서표현 조절방안에 대한 교사들의 생각 ···················· 64
• 2. 결론 및 제언 ········································································································· 66
• 참고문헌
• ABSTRACT