Clothing is handed down and continues to change as time goes by like many other cultural phenomena. Since thinking or values in a certain age are embedded in daily life, such thinking or values are expressed by social positions or activities of those ...
Clothing is handed down and continues to change as time goes by like many other cultural phenomena. Since thinking or values in a certain age are embedded in daily life, such thinking or values are expressed by social positions or activities of those who wear the clothing. Sometimes, clothing acts as a symbol indicating social status.
This study reproduced the relics based on the literature and theories of relics excavated from tombs related to Dopo (Korean full-dress attire), one of the representative Po (coat) used as clothing for going out for the literati class including kings and princes in the Joseon dynasty and as the official uniform of Confucian scholars. Furthermore, the change of form of Dopo was examined.
The most reasonable view of Dopo in the literature was that Dopo originated from Jikryeong (coat with straight collar). It was generally used in the 16th and 17th centuries since the Japanese invasion of Korea in 1582. It was used as clothing indicating social status, everyday clothing and ceremonial clothing.
Dopo was inhibited by clothing system reform for simplification of the clothing system in 1884 (21st year of King Gojong's reign). Accordingly, Durumagi (traditional Korean overcoat) which was clothing for the lowborn replaced Dopo as everyday attire. Since then, Dopo was used as the ceremonial clothing for men in noble families. Some people still put on Dopo with Gat (Korean traditional hat) and hold the memorial service of a clan in several regions. Dopo is comprised of Gil (left and right sections of front and back sides), Samgakmu (triangular gusset connected to the side of front Gil), left and right Mu on the back side put into the back hem of the cloth [Eyeopsam and Jeonsam, respectively), Git (collar), Goreum (coat strings), outer Seop (overlapping column on the front), inner Seop and reinforcement strip sewn inside the jacket shoulder (Hanpan).
Dopo in the mid and late Joseon dynasty was similar to Jikryeong. The difference between Dopo and Jikryeong was that Mu of Dopo was on the left and right side of the front Gil and inserted into the back part.
Mu of Dopo means Triangular Mu, basically attached to the sides of the front Gil and trapezoidal and rectangular Mu, which are called "Eyeopsam and Jeonsam," respectively. Hanpan is determined by the layer of Dopo, single layer or double layer, which must be put inside the inner side of the back Gil.
Depending on the existence of Hanpan, Dopo has two forms. For the double-layer Dopo, there is no Hanpan so that Mu on the sides of the front Gil is directly fixed to the inside of the back Gil. On the single-layer Dopo, Mu [Eyeopsam] is connected to the front Gil and sewn on Hanpan which hangs from the shoulder.
In accordance with the analysis of 16 pieces of clothing, 7 double-layer and 9 single-layer Dopo relics, the shape of the front and back Gil, Git, Seop, sleeves and Mu were changed in relation to Jikryeongpo. Furthermore, a variety of changes in the shape identified in the lapse of times includes the triangular Mu attached to the sides of the front Gil, Mu of Eyeopsam, a number of pieces of the back Mu, existence of Hanpan and slit, Mu inserted into the center of back hem and the slit in the back hem.
Next, 4 relics were selected and reproduced. The selected relics are Jikryeongpo from the 17th century, Dopo from General Yi Eunghae's tomb, Dopo from Yi Ikjeong's tomb and Dopo of King Yeongjo. 4 relics were analyzed for reproduction using unique sewing methods by clothing which indicates the change of shape of Dopo and pattern structure in the flow of times.
Some fabrics were directly dyed and others were purchased in the markets. The sizes for pattern preparation couldn't be measured. Thus, the existing size was used. Sewing methods, broad-stitch, backstitch, half backstitch, vertical hem, blind stitch, rolled hem and saddle stitch were selected in consideration of single-layer and double-layer structures and materials.