This thesis examines the Seon-cheon Incident, a Christian-related episode which happened in Seon-cheon, North Pyeong-an province during the Japanese occupation. The Seon-cheon Incident was triggered by the bombing of a police station in September 1920...
This thesis examines the Seon-cheon Incident, a Christian-related episode which happened in Seon-cheon, North Pyeong-an province during the Japanese occupation. The Seon-cheon Incident was triggered by the bombing of a police station in September 1920 and led to the oppression of Christians in the region. It is especially important in history because it is a representative case of the Japanese policies of oppression against Christians in the north-west region of the Korean peninsula, where the anti-Japanese movement was strong during colonial rule.
Since the 19th century Christianity had grown rapidly in Korea and the Japanese consistently maintained a hard line policy against it from the early period of its colonial rule in the peninsula. This can be seen, for example, in the Incident of 105 people in which some people involved were falsely accused and punished. However, after the oppression of the 1919 Independence Movement by military means, the Japanese colonial government tried to advocate cultural rule and displayed also a conciliatory gesture to Christians who had been watched closely until then. It goes without saying however that at the same time with the conciliatory policy, the Japanese rulers re-enforced the watch and control of Christianity in order to sweep away the anti-Japanese atmosphere.
On the other hand, since the 1919 Independence Movement, a system called Yeon-tong in the north-west area of Korean peninsula which is a secret network of communication created by the Korean provisional government centering the Christian organizations. And in the mean time, armed liberation movements followed one after another, which also intensified Japanese oppression furthermore. In the end, the Japanese regularized the oppression on the anti-Japanese movement of the north-west region of the Korean peninsula. The situation in this region became an important background for the Seon-cheon Incident later.
The bombing of a police station happened in Seon-cheon in september 1920 when the Japanese oppression to the north-west region was being reinforced. The incident was carried out as a part of activities of an independence movement, and it was coincided with the visit of members of American parliament to Korea in August that year, awaited by General Camp of the Korean Independence Army which is an armed organization based in Manchuria. Finding a Christian called Park Chi-eui from Seon-cheon among the masterminds of the incident, the Japanese rulers enlarged the bombing incident into a terrorist act, and accused the Seon-cheon's Christians of being systematically involved.
In the reason of this Seon-cheon Incident, the history of Seon-cheon’s Christian propensity and their anti-Japanese movement played an important role. Among the relatively strong Christian communities in the north-west region, Seon-cheon had particularly strong Christian community. And because Christians of Seon-cheon had been involved in the 1919 Independence Movement as well as other incidents including the Incident of 105 people, they had become the main target of vigil of the Japanese rule.
With this background, the bombing incident in Seon-cheon in which some Christians had also been involved was definitely a good chance for suppression from the rulers’ point of view. Therefore, the Japanese colonial government plotted to oppress the Christians in Seon-cheon to rule out the Christianity in the north-west region, setting the Incident as an example and tried to oppress the anti-Japanese movement altogether.
So those who were involved with Seon-cheon incident were mostly representative Christians in Seon-cheon. Also to be noted was that most of them had a history of participating in the 1919 Independence Movement as well as being involved in other anti-Japanese movements. The police, through many false accusations, thoroughly related many of Seon-cheon’s Christians with the bombing incident. And in the court, based on the result of police investigation, those people were sentenced to death or put into imprisonment up to 8 years, a heavy penalty indeed.
At that time this court rule towards the people involved in Seon-cheon Incident caused a big sensation in the society and was definitely regarded as a cruel punishment compared to similar Incidents in other areas including Pyeong-yang. However the court in which up to third trials continued rejected the appeals. Afterwards, those who served their terms in the prison got released and reestablished themselves in the religious community as well as in the social movement circles, but did not show any noticeable activities related to anti-Japanese movement, probably because of the aftermath of the incident.
After the Seon-cheon Incident, despite the continuing growth of Christianity in the region, the anti-Japanese movement did get shrunken. That is, the trend of Christians leading the anti-Japanese movements disappeared since 1920’s in the region. And it is also clear that the in activeness of Seon-cheon’s Christians caused by the Japanese oppression influenced the general social aspects of Seon-cheon which had been renowned as a strong Christian community.