한국의 다문화주의 현황과 문화적 지원방안연구 : 호주사례를 중심으로 = Study of the cultural support methods for developing multiculturalism in Korea

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

In 2007, the number of the foreigners living in Korea was 1,066,273, which increased 175.5% more than 10years ago. Korea is a homogeneous society that is changing to accept foreigners and their cultures as a part of Korea. Therefore, this thesis suggests how to culturally support multiculturalism in Korea.

The definition of multiculturalism is to accept the coexistence of diverse cultures and not to oppress minor cultures. The benefits of it are not only labor force supply and demand or balanced development localities economically but also the ability of enjoying diverse cultures and social unification culturally. However, multiculturalism is blamed under the recession. The opponents claim that multicultural society is weaker, because it leads to the complication between original citizens and immigrants, dividing the society and confusing national identity. And yet how multiculturalism keeps the justification is that the advantages of it cannot alternate something else rather than it is bigger than the disadvantages.

In other countries cases, there are some differences chronologically and politically, but 5 developmental stages; 1) increasing immigrants, 2) necessity a policy for immigrants, 3) demand assimilation (to immigrants), 4) accepting cultural differences, 5) guarantee the immigrants’ rights. Korea is currently between second and third stage, therefore, there is a margin for the next step. Nevertheless, racialism and a pure blood principal that have been made by social demand from Japan’s colonial experience are pointed out obstacles. For conquering these, several ministries -The Justice, welfare and Arts Departments- arranged the exclusive responsibility of teams to support immigrants’ festivals and the funding of educational programs for immigrants learning the Korean language and culture. In brief, what the government supports is full assimilation into Korea. This is the cause of a gap between sponsors and recipients, because immigrants want to have the same level of rights as citizens for living in Korea. Another problem is discrimination of foreigners. Only a few groups devided by the purposes of immigration, such as labours from Southen-East countries, intermarriage waves and mixed children groups, can receive support. This is why the recipients are not satisfied. For reducing these problems and going to the next level, I researched Australia’s case. Australia is one of typical multicultural countries, it has about 4.5 million immigrants from 34 different countries. However, some Australian’s criticize Australian multiculturalism. They believe that Australia should be kept as English culture, because the country was established by English. They are worried about Asian dominance in Australia. The Immigration and Arts Departments are actively working with enterprises to change this illiberal understanding and to accept immigrants as Australian. It can be compared to the Korean one, which focuses on educating immigrants on adapting into Korean culture. Korea needs to learn to be more accepting of foreigners into Korean society.

In conclusion, for Korean to develop a multicultural society peacefully, 1) synthetic discussion about all the people from overseas, 2) political amendment for immigrants living in Korea to earn the same rights as Korean, 3) break from the adapting educational enterprises, 4) active cultural interchange between Korea and other countries are needed. To support these culturally, I suggest 4 methods: 1) establish the words about multiculturalism and immigrants in Korea, 2) change the rule for everyone including immigrants to use Sarang Ticket Service, 3) support foreign volunteers of art and culture centers, 4) support artists to service in the area where immigrants live in. The expected effects from these are to establish a clear identity for immigrants and give them social activities to exchange with defferent cultures, increasing a sense of belonging to Korea.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• I. 서론
• 1. 연구의 목적과 중요성 _____________________________________ 1.
• 2. 연구범위와 방법 __________________________________________ 7.
• II. 다문화주의의 이론적 배경
• 1. 다문화주의의 정의 ________________________________________ 9.
• 2. 다문화주의의 일반적인 사회적 이익과 한계 _________________ 19.
• 1) 경제적 효과 ___________________________________________ 20.
• 2) 문화적 효과 ___________________________________________ 24.
• 3) 다문화주의의 한계와 역효과 ____________________________ 26.
• 3. 국제사회 다문화주의의 전반적 추세 ________________________ 31.
• 1) 아시아국가 -일본, 대만, 싱가포르 ____________________ 31.
• 2) 북아메리카국가 -캐나다, 미국 ____________________ 33.
• 3) 유럽국가 -프랑스, 독일, 영국 ______________________ 37.
• 4. 한국사회 다문화주의의 전반적 추세 ________________________ 44.
• III. 호주의 다문화주의와 문화적 지원사례
• 1. 호주의 다문화주의 역사와 현황 ____________________________ 46.
• 2. 호주 내의 이민자 인구분석 ________________________________ 51.
• 1) 전체인구대비 이민자 비율 ______________________________ 51.
• 2) 국적에 따른 세분화 ____________________________________ 52.
• 3) 사용언어에 따른 세분화 ________________________________ 56.
• 3. 호주정부의 다문화를 위한 문화적 지원 현황 ________________ 59.
• 1) 호주의 정부체계 ______________________________________ 59.
• 2) 실행주체기관 _________________________________________ 63.
• 3) 실행내용 _____________________________________________ 64.
• 4. 다문화를 통해 호주사회가 얻는 실제적 이익 _________________ 68.
• IV. 한국 다문화주의의 문화적 지원 현황과 방안
• 1. 한국의 다문화주의 역사와 현황 ____________________________ 70.
• 2. 한국 내의 이민자 인구분석 _________________________ ______ 73.
• 1) 전체인구대비 이민자 비율 ______________________________ 73.
• 2) 국적에 따른 세분화 ____________________________________ 75.
• 3) 이민자들의 한국에 대한 인식과 문화욕구 ________________ 76.
• 3. 한국인의 이민자에 대한 인식조사 __________________________ 81.
• 1) 일반인들의 이민자에 대한 인식 _________________________ 81.
• 2) 대중매체의 이민자에 대한 보도경향 _____________________ 83.
• 3) 정부정책의 이민자에 대한 경향 _________________________ 86.
• 4. 한국정부의 다문화를 위한 문화적 지원 현황 ________________ 91.
• 1) 한국정부의 이민자권리에 대한 정책적 보호조항 _________ 91.
• 2) 실행주체기관 _________________________________________ 94.
• 3) 실행내용 _____________________________________________ 97.
• 5. 현행 지원의 문제점 분석 __________________________________ 102.
• 6. 문화적 지원방안 모색 _____________________________________ 111.
• 1) 이민자에 대한 용어정립과 호칭공모행사 _________________ 111.
• 2) 사랑티켓 이용대상 범위 확대 ___________________________ 113.
• 3) 문화예술기관(단체)의 이민자봉사활동장려 ________________ 114.
• 4) 예술인들의 이민자집단거주지역에서 문화예술활동지원_____ 116.
• V. 결론
• 1. 연구결과의 요약 __________________________________________ 119.
• 2. 연구의 한계점 및 향후 연구방향 ___________________________ 125.
• 참고문헌 ____________________________________________________________ 126.
• 부록 ________________________________________________________________ 132.
• Abstract ____________________________________________________________ 138.