임신부의 모애착과 태아애착의 관계에서 배우자 지지 지각과 정서상태의 매개효과 = mediation effect of recognition of spousal support and emotional state on the relationship of pregnant women's attachment to mother and maternal-fetal attachment

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구는 임신부의 모애착, 배우자 지지 지각, 정서상태가 태아애착에 어떠한 경로로 영향을 미치는지 알아보고자 하였다. 따라서 임신부의 모애착이 태아애착에 영향을 미치는 과정에서 배우자 지지 지각과 정서상태가 매개변인으로 작용하는지에 대한 이론적 모형을 탐색하여 자료들이 적합한지를 검증하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 애착 이론과 태아애착에 관한 선행연구들을 근거로 연구모형과 경쟁모형을 설정하였다.
연구모형은 임신부의 모애착이 태아애착에 직접적으로 영향을 미치며 또한 배우자 지지 지각과 정서상태를 매개로 하여 태아애착에 간접적으로도 영향을 미칠 것이라고 가정한 부분매개모형이다. 이에 비해 경쟁모형은 모애착이 배우자 지지 지각과 정서상태를 매개로 간접적으로만 태아애착에 영향을 미칠 것이라고 가정한 완전매개모형이다. 이 두개의 모형에 대해 자료를 통하여 검증하고 태아애착을 더 잘 설명하는 모형을 채택하였다.
본 연구의 대상은 서울, 경기도에 거주하는 임신 20주에서 40주에 해당되는 임신부 389명으로 모애착, 배우자 지지 지각, 정서상태와 태아애착을 측정하는 질문지를 작성하도록 하여 얻어진 자료를 사용하였다. 자료 분석은 SPSS 16.0과 AMOS 16.0프로그램을 이용하였다.
연구결과는 다음과 같다. 설정한 모형들의 적합도와 경로계수를 분석한 결과 두 가지 모형 모두 적절한 적합도를 보이는 모형으로 나타났다. 그러나 두 모형간의 ⅹ2검증한 결과 ⅹ2차이는 3.95, df차이는 1로 두 모형이 p<.05 수준에서 유의미한 차이가 나타남에 따라 연구모형을 태아애착을 설명하는 최종모형으로 채택하였다.
최종모형에 의하면 임신부의 모애착이 태아애착에 직접적으로 영향을 미치는 경로와 모애착이 배우자 지지 지각과 정서상태를 매개로 태아애착에 간접적으로 영향을 미치는 경로 모두 유의미하게 나타났다. 즉 모애착이 높을수록 배우자 지지 지각도 높은 것으로 나타났으며 정서상태인 우울과 불안은 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 태아애착은 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 배우자 지지 지각이 높을수록 태아애착이 높아지고, 정서상태인 우울과 불안이 높을수록 태아애착은 낮아지는 것으로 나타났다. 결론적으로 모애착이 태아애착을 예측하는 중요한 변인임을 확인하였으며, 모애착과 태아애착관계에서 배우자 지지 지각과 정서상태가 매개역할을 하는 것으로 확인 되었다.
주요어: 모애착, 배우자 지지 지각, 정서 상태, 태아애착

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of pregnant women's attachment to mother, recognition of spousal support and emotional state on maternal-fetal attachment. Accordingly, by searching for a theoretical model about whether recognition of spousal support and emotional state act as the parameter where pregnant woman's attachment to mother influences on maternal-fetal attachment, the researcher intends to verify whether the data are proper or not. For such purpose, the researcher established a research model and a competition model on the basis of the attachment theory and the preceding study.
The research model is a partial mediation model assuming that pregnant women's attachment to mother gives direct influence on maternal-fetal attachment and also gives indirect influence through mediation of recognition of spousal support and emotional state. Compared to it, the competition model is a complete mediation model assuming that pregnant women's attachment to mother gives only indirect influence on maternal-fetal attachment through mediation of recognition of spousal support and emotional state. So the researcher verified these two models through data and then selected the model that explained maternal-fetal attachment better.
Objects for this study are 389 pregnant women who reside in Seoul or Gyeonggi-do and are at their pregnancy from 20 weeks to 40 weeks. The researcher made them prepare questionnaires to measure their attachment to mother, spousal support, emotional state and maternal-fetal attachment and then used the result. For data analysis, the researcher used SPSS 16.0 program and AMOS 16.0 program.
Result of this study is as follows. As the result of analyzing the established models' goodness of fit and path coefficient, both models were found to have proper goodness of fit. But as the result of verifying x2 between the two models, ⅹ2difference was 3.95, and df difference was 1, showing meaningful difference in p<.05 level. So the researcher selected the research model as the final model explaining maternal-fetal attachment.
According to the final model, both the path where pregnant women's attachment to mother had direct influence on maternal-fetal attachment and the path where pregnant women's attachment to mother had indirect influence on maternal-fetal attachment through the mediation of recognition of spousal support and emotional state were found to be meaningful. That is, it was found that the stronger the attachment to mother was, the higher the recognition of spousal support was and the less the emotional depression and anxiety were, and the greater the maternal-fetal attachment was. In addition, the higher the recognition of spousal support was, the greater maternal-fetal attachment was. And the more the emotional depression and anxiety were, the less maternal-fetal attachment was. In conclusion, the researcher confirmed that attachment to mother was an important variable for predicting maternal-fetal attachment, and as to the relationship between attachment to mother and maternal-fetal attachment, recognition of spousal support and emotional state did mediation roles.
Keywords: attachment to mother, recognition of spousal support, emotional state, maternal-fetal attachment

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 서 론 1
• 1. 연구의 필요성 및 목적 1
• 2. 연구문제 8
• 3. 용어의 정의 9
• Ⅱ. 이론적 배경 12
• 1. 모애착과 태아애착 12
• 2. 모애착과 배우자 지지 지각 17
• 3. 모애착과 정서상태 21
• 4. 배우자 지지 지각과 태아애착 22
• 5. 정서상태와 태아애착 25
• 6. 연구모형 29
• Ⅲ. 연구방법 34
• 1. 연구대상 34
• 2. 연구도구 36
• 3. 자료수집 절차 40
• 4. 분석방법 41
• IV. 연구결과 44
• 1. 태아애착과 연구변인들 간의 관계 44
• 2. 모형검증 46
• Ⅴ. 논의 및 제언 58
• 1. 결과 논의 58
• 2. 연구의 의의 65
• 3. 연구의 제한점 및 제언 67
• 참고문헌 69
• 부록 85
• ABSTRACT 94

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