This study was carried out to explore plans for teachers, who are main members of school organization, to implement innovations in desirable manner by finding out effects of school principals' transformational leadership, teachers' organizational just...
This study was carried out to explore plans for teachers, who are main members of school organization, to implement innovations in desirable manner by finding out effects of school principals' transformational leadership, teachers' organizational justice, and teachers' organizational citizenship behavior on teachers' innovation behavior and the following research tasks were established.
First, what differences do school principals' transformational leadership, teachers' organizational justice, teachers' organizational citizenship behavior, and teachers' innovation behavior have according to background variables (Per sex, per teaching career, per region, and per size of schools)?
Second, what correlations are there between school principals' transformational leadership, teachers' organizational justice, teachers' organizational citizenship behavior, and teachers' innovation behavior?
Third, what effect do school principals' transformational leadership, teachers' organizational justice, teachers' and organizational citizenship behavior provide?
For solving the above research tasks, questionnaires were distributed to elementary school teachers currently working in Seoul Special Metropolitan City, Gyeonggi Province, Incheon Metropolitan City, Daejeon Metropolitan City, Daegu Metropolitan City, and Chungcheongnam Province and a total of 1,028 sheets were recovered. 942 sheets (78.5%) out of the total recovered questionnaires were used for final analysis after excluding 86 questionnaires with unfaithful responses.
For analysis of data of this study, SPSS 11.0 statistic program and Amos 5.0 program were used for the analysis. For analyzing whether there are differences according to each variable per teachers and per variable of school background, independent samples t-test and one-way ANOVA were carried out and when there were meaningful differences, Scheffe' verification was conducted. In addition, for verifying feasibility of factors, factors analysis by Varimax rotation method was conducted and for measuring internal confidence of questions of the questionnaires, Cronbach α value was calculated. For finding out relationships between variables, Pearson's correlation analysis was conducted and for comprehensively analyzing effect of each independent variable on dependent variable, declaratory/confirmative?? multiple regression analysis was conducted. For verifying appropriateness of research model and for finding out direct and indirect effect force of variables, a path analysis using Amos 5.0 program was conducted .
Results of this study are summarized as the follows:
First, recognition of school principals' transformational leadership, teachers' organizational justice, teachers' organizational citizenship behavior, and teachers' innovation behavior per background variable (Per sex, per teaching career, per region, and per size of schools) was shown higher than the average as a whole.
Reviewing per background variable of teachers, (Per sex and per teaching career) male teachers and teachers with longer careers have higher recognition than female teachers and teachers with less careers in all measurement variables of school principals' transformational leadership, teachers' organizational justice, teachers' organizational citizenship behavior, and teachers' innovation behavior.
Reviewing per background variable of schools, (Per region and per size of schools) teachers working in small and medium cities recognize higher in school principals' transformational leadership, teachers의 organization justice, teachers' organizational citizenship behavior among measurement variable except teachers' innovation behavior. While reviewing per size of class, regarding school principals' transformational leadership, the recognition was high between over the 12th grade and under the 17th grade and in other measurement variables, statistically meaningful differences were not found.
Second, among school principals' transformational leadership, teachers' organizational justice, teachers' organizational citizenship behavior, and teachers' innovation behavior, positive correlation was shown. And between school principals' transformational leadership and teachers' organizational justice and between teachers' innovation behavior and teachers' organizational citizenship behavior, higher correlation was shown compared to correlation between other variables.
Third, as the result of multiple regression analysis, school principals' transformational leadership provides effects on all of teachers' organizational justice, teachers' organizational citizenship behavior, and teachers' innovation behavior. In particular, as an independent variable, school principals' transformational leadership provides significant effect on a dependent variable of teachers' organization justice and a variable providing the largest effect on a dependent variable of teachers' innovation behavior was teachers' organizational citizenship behavior.
Fourth, as the result of conducting structural equation modeling analysis using Amos 5.01 program for verifying hypothetical path model between measurement variables, in the appropriateness of the final model, χ²value did not satisfy the standard value (χ²>.05) as it was turned out as χ²=186.223(p<.001), GFI=.973, AGFI=.945, CFI=.977, NFI=.969, IFI=.977, RMR=.013 but other adjustment conformity values all satisfied the standard values and they were taken as the final models.
As the result of analysis of models, school principals' transformational leadership and indirect effect with the media of teachers' organizational justice과 teachers' organizational citizenship behavior provided all meaningful effect and it was higher than the directly effect of school principals' transformational leadership on teachers' innovation behavior. This indicates higher than the direct effect of school principals' transformational leadership on teachers' innovation behavior and it indicates that rather than direct effect of school principals' transformational leadership on teachers' innovation behavior, teachers' innovation behavior is largely affected when it is indirectly affected through teachers' organizational citizenship behavior or teachers' organizational justice.
As the result of this study, the following conclusion can be obtained.
First, as the result of reviewing recognition of teachers regarding school principals' transformational leadership, teachers' organizational justice, teachers' organizational citizenship behavior, and teachers' innovation behavior, all indicated higher than the average and teachers have positively recognized school principals and teachers themselves. In addition, teachers' recognition regarding organization citizenship behavior showed the highest and even though they are activities outside of their routine businesses, their sacrificing mind-set for school organizations were shown high. However, as their recognition for organization justice showed the lowest, they recognize that there are still surplus rooms for improving regarding the school organization justice. Also, since male teachers recognize higher in variables than female teachers, school principals shall do their best in increasing recognition of female teachers.
Second, as an independent variable, school principals' transformational leadership establishes positive correlation with media variables of teachers' organizational justice or teachers' organizational citizenship behavior and it also establishes positive correlation with a dependent variable of teachers' innovation behavior. Judging from these results, school principals can increase teachers' innovation behavior after all by increasing teachers' organization justice and organization citizenship behavior by exercising their transformational leadership.
Third, as the result of reviewing effect of an independent variable of school principals' transformational leadership on a dependent variable of teachers' innovation behavior, school principals' transformational leadership directly affects teachers' innovation behavior. And, it was shown that school principals' transformational leadership indirectly affects teachers' innovation behavior with the media variables of teachers' organizational justice and teachers' organizational citizenship behavior.
Looking from these results of the study, it was found out that teachers' innovation behavior can be increased when school principals demonstrate their transformational leadership indirectly through methods teachers recognize organization justice higher and through methods promoting organization citizenship behavior of teachers instead of directly exercising their transformational leadership on teachers for increasing teachers' innovation behavior.