이 論文은 空間을 二次모델 形成體系(secondary modelling system)의 한 言語로 보고 그것이 구체적으로 詩의 텍스트 안에서 어떻게 作用하고 있는지를 分析함으로써 文化記號論의 텍스트 理論을 ...

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https://www.riss.kr/link?id=T1146700
서울 : 檀國大學校 大學院, 1986
학위논문(박사) -- 단국대학교 대학원 , 국어국문학과 현대문학전공 , 1987. 2
1986
한국어
811.6 판사항(4)
895.713 판사항(19)
서울
vi, 579p. : 삽도 ; 26cm
참고문헌: p. 556-574
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다운로드이 論文은 空間을 二次모델 形成體系(secondary modelling system)의 한 言語로 보고 그것이 구체적으로 詩의 텍스트 안에서 어떻게 作用하고 있는지를 分析함으로써 文化記號論의 텍스트 理論을 ...
이 論文은 空間을 二次모델 形成體系(secondary modelling system)의 한 言語로 보고 그것이 구체적으로 詩의 텍스트 안에서 어떻게 作用하고 있는지를 分析함으로써 文化記號論의 텍스트 理論을 定立하고자 한 것이다.
그리고 그것의 實□性과 有效性을 檢證하기 위해서 작품량이 많아 코르프스(資料體)로 그 적용 範圍가 넓고, 하늘 땅과 같은 宇宙論的인 성격을 지니고 있는 靑馬의 誇를 대상으로 한 것이다. 記號論의 基本을 이루고 있는 것은 差異이고 그 차이는 二項對立的 關係에서 생겨나는 것이다. 그러므로 音韻體系와 같은 方法으로 空間의 離散的 單位를 추출하면 垂直, 水平으로 분절되고 그것은 다시 上/中/下와 內/境界/外의 下位分節이 가능해진다. 그리고 그러한 공간체계는 聖俗이나 生死와 같은 兩極化된 觀念, 그리고 긍정 부정과 같은 價値의 대립체계와 연계된다. 이같은 空閣의 離散性과 그 意味作用을 檢證하기 위해 서 靑馬의 誇的 言述(poetic discourse)을 분석하고 그 空間이 意味하는 것을 神話的인 그리고 字宙論的인 原型的 空間의 象徵性과 比較하면 그 構造의 相同性이 드러나게 된다. 終局에는 이같은 방법에 의해 그의 全詩를 精造化하고 一定한 略號를 사용해서 그 變異項 들을 記述해 낼 수 있게 된다. 뿐만 아니라 一次言語의 意味가 二次體系의 言語로 번역되는 코드 轉換을 밝혀냄으로써 그가 많이 사용하고 있는 키워드(旗, 山, 나무, 하늘, 거리, 그리고 侮恨, 孤絶, 애련 등)의 內包的인 意味를 解讀할 수 있게 된다. 그것을 要約 하면 다음과 같다.
① 垂直的인 空間의 텍스트는 理念的인 價値의 記號로서 作用하여 上方的인 空間은 하늘, 下方的인 空間은 땅(거리)으로 分割되어 肯定과 否定의 二元的 價値를 나타내는 世界像의 메타言語가 된다.
② 그러므로 下空間에서(땅/거리) 上方으로(하늘) 上昇하고 있는 대상물들은 모두 垂直的 超越의 意味作用을 나타내는 記號의 役□을 한다. 우러러러, 발돋음, 솟아나다 등등의 述語가 그렇다.
③ 上下의 二元構造에 動的인 變換體系를 일으키는 것이 그 媒介項의 機能을 나타내는 山, 樹木, 장대, 旗와 같은 中間空間이다. 上下의 兩義性을 떤 그 中間的 空間은 새, 나비, 잠자리와 같은 생물과 위로 올라가는 담배 煙氣, 불꽃, 향내 등 감각적인 自然現象에 이르기까지 多義約 記號(polysemic)의 意味를 生成하게 된다. 그리고 이러한 媒介空閣은 무수한 텍스트의 變異態를 生成하여 日常的 言語의 脫自動化와 같은 變則, 逸脫의 誇的 言述을 가능케 한다.
④ 垂直空間이 精神的인 理念體系를 나타내는 記號形式이라고 한다면 水平空間은 世俗的인 人間關係를 나타내는 物貿的 體系를 나타내는 空間言語라고 할 수 있다. 內/外로 分節되는 水平空間에서 內空間은 주로 居佐空間인 집과 故鄕 등이며 그와 대립되는 外空間 이 북만주의 廣野나 아라비아 사막, 바다, 그리고 섬들이다. 北이 外空間을 나타내는 記號로서 作用하고 있는 데 비하여 南은 故鄕의 內空間을 表示하고 있는 작용을 한다.
⑤ 水平空間은 垂直空間과 달리 人物의 空間移動이 可能하므로 자연히 그 텍스트는 動態的인 것이 되고 敍事的 性格을 띠게 된다. 그러므로 그 動態的인 텍스트는 主人公=話者가 內空間에서 外空間으로 향해 나가는 텍스트와 外空間에서 內空聞으로 들어오는 텍스트로 對立되고 그에 파라 서로 相違한 意味構造가 생겨나게 된다. 垂直體系에서는 宇宙樹와 같은 意味作用을 나타내던 나무가 水平的 텍스트에서는 한 곳에 뿌리박고 있는 그 不動性 때문에 폐쇄공간의 否定性을 나타내게 된다.
⑥ 水平空間에서의 境界領域이나 □壁/窓 같은 것들은 垂直空間에서의 媒介項과 同一한 機能을 갖게 된다. 內와 外의 交換이 이루어지는 港口, 驛, 우체국, 그리고 길 같은 곳은 靑馬의 텍스트에 있어 多義的인 認號를 生成하고 있는 空間이 된다.
水平垂直의 이같은 離散的 單位들이 結合하여 以上과 같은 여러 形態의 텍스트를 形威 하고 그것들의 記號作用을 통해서 自然語로서는 記述할 수 없는 論的 意味를 産出하는 空間의 誇學을 定立하게 된다.
다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)
1. Poetic linguistics offers highly effective method for the scientific interpretation and description of literary works without destruction of their autonomy. Since it takes natural language as the object of its analysis, however, it is bound to hav...
1. Poetic linguistics offers highly effective method for the scientific interpretation and description of literary works without destruction of their autonomy. Since it takes natural language as the object of its analysis, however, it is bound to have limitations when it comes to the interpretation of the extra-liguistic world of meaning. It Is In order to deal with this problem that the Semiotics of Culture has been developed, studying literary language within a "secondary modelling structure" with the concept of space as one of its fundamental models. As a result, semiotics scholars such as Lotman. V.N.Torpor of the Tartu school, the French critics Roland Barthes and Ge´rard Genette, have investigated the signification of Space in its function as signifier.
Nonetheless, they have not arrived at a systematic result applicable in practical criticism. It is the task of the present study to offer a systematization of the Semiotics of Space, such as may be applicable in practical criticism, developing the hitherto embryonic theories of semiotics. In order to do this, the attempt is made to fuse semiotic theory with the phenomenological theories of space advocated by Bachelard and Mircea Elliade, with the theories expounded by Frances Yates in his exploration of the theories of the Topos used as an art of memory in the old rhetorics, together with Cassrer's theones of Symbolism.
2. The object of this study: at the same time to create a theory and to test its effectiveness. The Complete works of Chung Ma have been chosen for study and analysis since, compared with other poets, they offer a large number of poems and, as a corpus, provide a wide range of applications. Particularly, since much of they are paticularly apt for study as a model of spatial text. In addition, since we find here a mixture of lyric, abstract, sociological, political and even epic, it may prove possible to test and establish the meaningful activity of space in various literary areas.
3. The Contents and procedure of this research: the basis of Semiotics lies in the differences deriving from binary oppositions. If we survey the dimensions of space using this system, we see that it divides vertically and borizontally, or again into oppositions by double-b Teakdown-above, middle, below, or inside, frontier and outside.
Such a system of space can be related to pluralized concepts-sacred and propane life and death, sorrow and rejoicing in emotion, positive and negative in values-systems. In order to verity these dimensions of space and their semantic movement this stud analyses the poetic discourse of Chuag Ma's poetry, comparing its images of space with archetypal symbols of myth and cosmology in order to discover a homological structure of unexpected identities. Such a method not only structuralizes these poems, it also defines their variations using a variety of codes. By tracing He transformations of their codes from primary language to secondary, we are enabled to decipher to connotative meaning of those key words which are most frequently used (flag, mountain, or emotional terms such as regret, solitude, pathos). The semantic movement of the tex may be analysed as follows:
1) The text of verticai space represents differences of ideological value; upward space is sky, downward space is earth or distance; given positive or negative values, these function as metaphors indicating the order of the Universe.
2) Therefore, objects rising up from the downward space (earth/distance) function as codes which represent tile vertically transcendent semantic movement. Thus, Words like "looking up", "stand on tiptoe", "arise", "stand" occur very often in Chung Ma's poems. To such texts is opposed the semantic movement of an opposing text, descending from up to down.
3) A dynamic transformational system is constituted by middle space such as mountains, trees. rods and flag, which have catalytic functions in both So this middle space. with its double references. creates polysemic codes ranging from animals such as birds and butterflies or dragonflies to tangible natural phenomena such as rising smoke, flames of fume.
Such catalytic space forms numerous textual variants, making possible the poetic discourse of anomaly and deviation, as in the automatisation of common language.
4) While vertical space is a semiotic form representing spititual systems of ideas, horizontal space can be: described as an expressive space representing those material systems which profane human relationships. Horizontal space is divided into within and without, inner space being residential space, such as house or native village, contrasted with outward spaces, the wildmess of northern Manchuria the Arabian desert, sea and islands. North functions as a code representing outward space while South represents inner space.
5) Since characters can move through horizontal space, naturally the text becomes dynamic, charged with epic meaning. Dynamic text arises when the character (narrator) moves through space, from inner to outward or from outward to inner space. As a result, there arises a varying semantic structure. In the vertical system, the tree represents a positive semantic movement as it grows up like a cosmic tree towards the above whereas when it is pinpointed in a horizontal system, it represents the negative force of the closed inner space because it is immobile, rooted in one place.
6) Objects which mark the confines of horizontal space, such as walls and windows, have functions similar to the catalytic items found in vertical space. Locations such as harbors, stations, post offices and roads are spaces which create polysemic codes in the works of Chung Ma. Such spaces having a function of mutual exchange, they perform at the same level as trains, ships and letters.
7) While the falcon is the bird representative of vertical space, the swallow is the bird of horizontal space. Since the swallow migrates across the sea though it builds its nest under the eaves of human nomes, it represents escape from and return to within the house (inner space). The sparrow then functions to represent complex emotions or actions. Animal language such as that of the sparrow is the poetic discourse of horizontal space.
4. The results of this study: discrete units of vertical and horizontal space cohere to pro- duce various forms of text and the semiotic movement of these texts yields poetic meanings not definable by natural language.
The space achieved by the system of binary opposition, center and circumference, soaring and descending, opening and closing, emptiness and fulness, with sensual space, serve to compose the poet's semantic space through their fragmentation and consequent interplay. The semantic movement of deconstructing space creates a polysemic poetic message, yielding not only poetry but also other neighboring texts using epic types - art architecture, dance, sculpture, painting, movies-and other broad cultural texts with this common denominator.
In times past, when a primitive culture produced a cosmological text, the language of space created a grammar of myth and ritual. Here we are not dealing with the culture-centered, sound-oriented language which is discussed by Derrida but via a sigh close to the code of difference. In conclusion, we may say that the less space a discourse employs, the closer it comes to being a cultural text of logocentricism. It is known that as a poet of protest Chung Ma wrote many strong poems attaching social injustice, althougn he was a poet of idea in his early stage. However, this semiotic study reveals that he always found his expressions in space language of a secondary structure. so that he could stand outside the orbit of logocentricism.
Special discourse cannot exist without the concrets places and times of life. such as "I", "now" and "here", artistic text contains a point of view and this is one of the elements for the construction of a text point of view here means the localizing of space; speaking in terms of space, distinguishing the artistic text from an abstract, scientific discourse, such have been the distinctive features of this study, they are the problems which we have been investigating in our semiotic approach to literary space.
목차 (Table of Contents)