제3세계 국가에서 지속가능한개발협력방안 모색 : 네팔 골등가와 다르마스딸리 지역을 中心으로

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

<Abstract>

Seeking Effective Ways of Sustainable Development Cooperation in the Third World: A Case Study of Goldeunga and Darmasttali, Nepal.

Kim, Dongheun

Department of Global Governance
Graduate School,
Kyung Hee University

This paper examines public development assistance and development cooperation projects which are offered to solve the problems derived from the progress of globalization and the problems of poverty and economic growth in underdeveloped countries. And it aims at seeking effective ways of sustainable development cooperation in the Third World.
The positive side of globalization is that, based on capitalist market economy and free trade, it has promoted entrepreneurial activities and prodded the economic development of underdeveloped countries. On the other hand, it has brought about negative side effects of deepening the gap between the haves and have-nots and of destroying environment. In the case of China, which is regarded as one of the most successful models of economic development, it is true that it has reduced poverty in general by achieving high economic growth at an annual rate of higher than 9%. And yet it is also true that China has emerged as one of the major countries which have endangered earth ecosystem, as exemplified by the fact that China has plunged into the international competition of securing world resources and in the process of it, destroyed tropical forests of the Borneo Island, Indonesia. Furthermore, lately China has exceeded USA and become the number one nation in the emission of carbon dioxide, the main culprit of global warming. The increase of the amount of green house gas emitted has accelerated global warming and desertification, which do considerable damage to the people of poverty countries in the Southern Hemisphere.
In order to cut off the chain of such a cycle, the existing way of development assistance which attempts to one-sidedly transplant the present model of economic development upon developing countries should be withheld and changed into a new paradigm by which to build a sustainable global village through sustainable development cooperation.
Wide range of previous researches being closely examined, the policy-related problems which need to be considered in offering public development assistance and cooperation to developing countries could be summarized as follows:
First, we need to induce the assistance-receiving countries to change their policies and systems so that the latter can guarantee social reform and economic development in those countries and to build autonomous and creative civil society which supervises government and business sectors and also is in mutual-assistance with them.
Second, we need to make maximum use of the natural and human resources of the assistance-receiving countries, reflect the demands of these countries most preferentially in development projects, and supply assistance attuned to the realities of the countries.
Third, we need to avoid development assistance and cooperation centered on national economic growth only and instead encourage policies which prioritize developing countries' antipoverty, economic independence, and environmentally sound and sustainable development.
Fourth, in order to bring about sustainable development, we need to make great effort for the development of human resources based on the diffusion of knowledge and technology rather than for mere humanitarian assistance. For we'd better teach how to catch a fish than give a fish.
Fifth, we need to build horizontal networking and mutually cooperative partnership in which international organizations, assistance-offering countries, INGOs, CBOs/Residents' Self-Governing Organizations, and governments or local governments have a common goal and share the responsibility and various roles of carrying it out.
In today's global village, there is a bi-polarization going on in which whereas obesity due to economic affluence has become a big social problem in some places, a great number of people suffer from and die of poverty and starvation in other places. The latter problem is caused by the fact that even though today's food production throughout the world is already more than enough to feed the entire population on earth, each nation spends astronomical number of budget on unproductive military competition ignoring the starving neighbors. In order to resolve this problem, we need to put into practice the spirit of sharing based on humanitarianism and philanthropy and to create new global governance and sustainable global village in which the whole human kind coexist with each other peacefully as a member of world citizens transcending the boundaries of nation, race, ethnicity, and religion.
Peace and arms reduction, antiwar, security, ecosystem and bio diversity, harmony and difference, antipoverty and anti-starvation, the coexistence of different religions and cultures, equal voices in UN, the respect of aborigines, gender equality, the abolition of status discrimination, discarding nuclear weapons, the human rights of migrant workers, the cessation of human traffic, preventing the emission of green house gas and desertification, international climate agreement, the preservation of tropical forests, eco-friendly and sustainable development, will be the key words in global governance.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 제 1 장 서 론 1
• 1. 문제제기 및 연구의 목적 1
• 2. 연구내용 및 범위 4
• 3. 공적개발원조의 내용과 이론적 배경 6
• 제 2 장 네팔(Nepal)과 네팔에서 국제기구, NGOs/INGOs의 활동 11
• 1. 네팔의 지정학적 배경과 사회 변천 11
• 2. 네팔 NGOs의 역사와 활동내용 15
• 3. 네팔 사회개혁의 실패와 시민사회의 왜곡 23
• 4. 네팔에서 지속가능한 파트너쉽(partnership)모색 29
• 제 3 장 골등가와 다르마스딸리 지역에서 지속가능한 개발 모색 35
• 제1절 골등가와 다르마스딸리 지역에 대한조사, NGO활동가와마오이스트(Maoist)동참자 인터뷰 35
• 1. 조사대상 및 방법 35
• 2. 실태조사의 의미와 배경 35
• 제2절 조사 및 연구결과 37
• 1. 골등가지역(Goldunga VDC)주민의 실태조사 37
• 2. 네팔의 보건, 위생시스템 및 문제점 52
• 3. 각 분야에서 활동하는 NGO활동가, 마오이스트 인터뷰 54
• 4. 골등가와 다르마스딸리지역에서 지속가능한 개발, 바람직한 파트너쉽 연구 57
• 제 4 장 결론과 시사점, 그리고 한계 61
• 1.연구결과 요약 61
• 2.결론 및 시사점 69
• 3.연구의 한계 및 향후 과제 71
• 참고문헌 73
• 부록(설문지, 인터뷰내용 및 요약) 77
• 약어표 96
• 활동사진들 97
• 국문초록 99
• Abstract 101