북한·중국의 비대칭관계에 대한 연구 : 베트남·중국의 관계와의 비교 = (A) study for asymmetric relations between North Korea and China : comparison with Vietnam-China relations

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

China's roles were watched as supporting power for North Korea because China is conventionally friendly nation to North Korea and both countries have ideological consubstantiality. Relations between powerful China and small and weak North Korea was typical asymmetry; China provided security for North Korea.
The purpose of this study is to analyze occasion and aggrandizement of conflict between two nations after the post cold war. China-Vietnam relations which underwent the war and severance studies reason developing although both countries repeats dissension and cooperation.
The study discerned features of each period as asymmetric relations of North Korea-China and China-Vietnam from 1950 to the post cold war era. Relations between great China and lesser powers was explained by conflict of ‘deterrence’ and ‘autonomy’ as comparing China-Vietnam with North Korea-China relations. Results of this study are as follows.
In the first place, North Korea-China and Vietnam-China relations take character of giant power's carelessness to minor powers and lesser nation's excessive attention toward major country. The relations develop into mature asymmetry with passing through the stages of cooperation, discord and normalization of diplomatic relations.
Two kinds of relations hold Confucian monarchism and geopolitical specificity in common. North Korea and Vietnam cooperated with China in the anticolonial struggle, and the countries consolidated the relations through collaboration in the socialist revolution after the second world war.
And the relations had progressed in common until 1970's. The nations went into the stage of conflict in the middle of 1970's on the course of ‘deterrence’ and ‘autonomy’ in 1960's and general cooperation in 1950's.
Moreover, relations of China-Vietnam and North Korea-China developed discriminatively from the late of 1970's. China-Vietnam relations launched into the mature asymmetric stage after 1995 through severance of diplomatic relations in 1980's and normalization of diplomatic relations in 1991. On the other hand, North Korea-China relations maintain the repetition of ‘cooperation’ and ‘conflict’ since 2000; ‘the stages of conflict’ in the middle of 1970's, ‘the stages of inevitable cooperation’ in 1980's and ‘the stages of conflict’ over again in 1990's.
North Korea and China not only keep relations of ‘collaboration’ and ‘discord’ up to now, but repeated those in the Cold War era. Both countries iterated conflict of ‘deterrence’ and ‘autonomy’ from the stage pursuing autonomy in 1960's to political security in 1970-1980's. After that, South Korea-China amity as a result of the post cold war expanded conflict.
At the end of the characteristics, the condition to entering the mature asymmetric stage from China-Vietnam relations is considered as solution of problems by means of multilateral talks, enlargement of cooperation with some other powerful nations and extension of economic foreign opening. The relations does not go into mature asymmetric stage when this study apply these conditions to North Korea-China relations. But it will be also possible to achieve mature asymmetric stage since North Korea and China admitted settlement of issues through multilateral talks and China support economic reform policy and normalization of diplomatic relations toward USA of North Korea.
The theoretical suggestion of this paper is as follows. The study exhibit post cold war mentality as analyzing mutual relations between nations into asymmetrical relations. In the Next place, the analysis combined the study of comparative diplomatic policy and researches into international relations into a theory. Taking all of these analyses into consideration, the suggestion for policies is as follows. If policy makers pay attention to the researches, they will develop mutual relations between North Korea and China into multilateral relations and improve security circumstances and economic reform of North Korea.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 제1장 서론 = 1
• 제1절 연구의 목적 = 1
• 제2절 선행연구의 검토 = 4
• 제3절 연구대상과 연구방법 = 9
• 제2장 연구의 이론적 배경 = 15
• 제1절 방어적 현실주의 = 15
• 제2절 비대칭이론(asymmetry theory) = 19
• 제3절 비대칭관계의 단계 발전 = 28
• 제3장 중월관계와 북중관계의 기반 = 33
• 제1절 중국과 주변국가의 지정학적 관계 = 33
• 제2절 중화질서 속의 상호 관계 = 35
• 제3절 반식민투쟁과 사회주의 혁명의 협력 = 43
• 제4장 중월간의 비대칭단계 전개 = 57
• 제1절 안보지원-의존의 단계(1950년대) = 57
• 제2절 중국의 '복종' 요구 단계(1960년대 초반) = 64
• 제3절 북베트남의 '자주' 추구 단계(1960년대 후반) = 71
• 제4절 '복종'과 '자주'의 갈등 단계(1970년대) = 79
• 제5절 관계정상화 단계(1980년대-1991년) = 97
• 제6절 성숙한 비대칭관계 단계(1991년 이후) = 101
• 제5장 북중관계의 비대칭단계 전개 = 106
• 제1절 안보지원-의존의 단계(1950년대) = 106
• 제2절 중국의 '복종' 요구 단계(1960년대 초반) = 121
• 제3절 북한의 '자주' 추구 단계(1960년대 후반) = 131
• 제4절 '복종'과 '자주'의 갈등 단계(1970년대) = 144
• 제5절 비대칭관계의 정상회복 단계(1980년대) = 158
• 제6절 탈냉전 이후 갈등의 재연 단계(1990년대 이후) = 167
• 제6장 중월관계와 북중관계의 비교 = 187
• 제1절 중월관계와 북중관계의 공통점 = 187
• 제2절 중월관계와 북중관계의 차이점 = 197
• 제3절 북중관계의 전망 = 209
• 제7장 결론 = 215
• 【 참고문헌 】 = 222
• Abstract = 244
• 부록: 북중관계와 중월관계의 비교연표(1949-1991) = 247