The National Pension Scheme(NPS) is a social insurance system guaranteeing the minimum living to prepare for such cases by paying the appropriate pension benefits to the people when the people loses the economic ability owing to aging, disability, or ...
The National Pension Scheme(NPS) is a social insurance system guaranteeing the minimum living to prepare for such cases by paying the appropriate pension benefits to the people when the people loses the economic ability owing to aging, disability, or death. It also changes the budget constraint and lifetime income path faced by individuals and is therefore likely to change their economic behavior, including their saving, labor supply, income redistribution, and so on. In these respects, this study examines the aggregate impact on the nation's economy by analyzing each empirical evidence of these types of behavioral responses, particularly labor supply of working generation and household savings.
First of all, in the area of research on the effect of the Public Pension System on labor supply, most of researchers focus on the retirement behavior of old-age workers in developed countries with matured Public Pension System. But there has been little research into the effects of the Public Pension System on labor supply of prime-aged workers. This paper examines the effect of the National Pension System(NPS) on prime-aged labor supply by estimating lifetime contribution rate and Pension Wealth(PW) elasticity using the Korea Labor and Income Panel data(1998~2004). The estimation result shows that a 10%p increase in the lifetime contribution rate decreases the working hours of male household head workers by 3%, but 10% increase in the PW increases working hours of those by 1%. This is to say that increasing the contribution rate or decreasing the benefit level would generate incentives to reduce prime-aged workers' labor supply. This also implies that any pension reform of the above measures would bring a reduced financial effect.
Second, this paper focus on a type of individuals' economic behavior that National Pension System is likely to change, particularly their saving. In the area of research on the effect of the Public Pension System on saving, most of researchers focus on the whole saving behavior. But there has been little research into the crowding out effect of the Public Pension System on savings across income groups. This paper examines the whole and different income groups' effects of the National Pension System(NPS) on household's non pension wealth by estimating Pension Wealth(PW) elasticity using the Korea Labor and Income Panel data(1999~2004) and FEM(Fixed Effect Estimation). The estimation result shows that a 10%-increase in PW decreases household's non pension wealth by 2%, and that the lower the household income is, the higher the degree of decreasing it is. This is to say that current National Pension has contributed to reducing private savings rate and produced large differences in saving rates across income groups since the 1997 economic crisis.