A system of government, which is not an immutable form, as one of the political system, can be an institutional framework to realize ideal political ideology regarding the pursuit of nation.
Like this, the structure of authority is believed to be a op...
A system of government, which is not an immutable form, as one of the political system, can be an institutional framework to realize ideal political ideology regarding the pursuit of nation.
Like this, the structure of authority is believed to be a operational form of government to be adapted in historical, economic, cultural and political backgrounds and the style of governmental system, which is usually spoken as sample system, falls into three categories: parliamentary system, presidential system and dual executive system as medium system. These governmental systems have been characterized by different styles of operational way according to their historical, political and cultural milieu.
Even at the beginning of New Year, political firmament started to fall into the turmoil of conflict and animosity as the result of president Roh's suggestion concerning the revision of constitution on the presidentialism on 4-year-reappointment.
In other words, though the revision should be limited to the minimum, it means that the suggestion about the Clause 70 that stipulates the presidential tenure could result in consequential aftermath.
Efficiency in nation's operation could be maximized through the harmonious nexus between the institution and leadership. I think that Roh's abrupt debate on the amendment of the constitution might be the last resort because he has been experiencing the lame duck. Though he insists that the right of the proposal on the Amendment be the own right of the president, the right is not the individual right of the president but the right that is consigned to the nation people. If the proposal on the Amendment is voted down, president is responsible for that result. But Roh's insist is not the amendment of the constitution but the revision itself. It results in the turmoil of the political milieu.
It may not seem that all the current issues and problems that we encounter could be easily solved despite the introduction of 4-year-reappointment. Likewise when beginning the discussion on the amendment, it isn't restricted to the system of the government such as single or reappointment presidentialism, parliamentarism and the dual executive system. It mat also cause vehement ideological conflict and debate ranging from the above sentence in the Constitution to additional clause with regards to the basic legitimacy of the government, territorial problems, economic order, the right of private property, compulsory military service, South and North Korean problem and unification problem.
The neutral groups including assemblymen, even the academic and legal circles must take part in the process of the constitutional amendment to set out the Constitution with the unbiased long appreciative eye, even purifying the political motive. Otherwise the amendment would be abused as a method to fulfill the political goal without being made to consider the future of this country.
Over the half past century in constitutional history, we have experienced lots of problems about the governmental system of the presidentialism. Myriad evils have been recognized as the root causes hindering the efficient operation of the government and political advancement: such evils include the concentration of the absolute power, the sequel authoritative irregularities and corruptions, extreme local hostility, the failure of leadership, the absence of the national centrism and early lame duck phenomenon.
The beginning of the 21st century can imply the importance to the nationality and the Korea. In the rapidly changing world situation, Korean's facing problem is that whether we could jump to the advanced country or not. Namely it is very important for us to achieve a sort of major position in the int□l world. Then what kind of system in the government is most suitable to realize the ideal of the Korea?
Personally, I believe that 4-year reappointment and decentralized presidentialism or decentralized parliamentarism is the choice compatible with our environment and unified Korea, for that can realize the political responsibility suitable for the social, cultural audition and shorten the shift of period in powers and decentralize the power, this can be harmonized with the realization of the people’s sovereignty.
The hot point of debating amendment is the part of 4-year reappointment and the structure of the reign. Particularly the structure of the reign is a core and matter of concern. It is necessary for all walk of life including the academic and political circles and putting through the collecting of public opinion to make prudent steps on the amendment of the constitution containing the structure of the reign that follows democratic process, the clause of the basic right including the human right, the clause of economy that promote the economic efficiency and the clause of governmental institution including the administrative efficiency. Also after experiencing the reasonable span of the reviewing, the amendment could be realized by maximizing the division of power and democratic legitimacy. In the end it is necessary to make it more democratic and enhance the national competitiveness. Careful study and review period is indispensable, for Korean’s Hard Constitution is different from German’s Soft Constitution of the Federation.
Regarding the 4-year reappointment of the constitution, the adaptation of the single tenure in the 9th Amendment, in 1987, was to be intended to prevent the violation of human right and deprivation which were caused by long-term ruling of the authorities and it was also the turnout of the political shift. Many years have been passed since the current Constitution was enforced. If political ability of the people is intensified and social diversion also achieved and the confidence to prevent the evils of the long-term ruling through another control mechanism in the constitution recognized, we could review the single tenure system.
Many people express the sympathy with the necessity of the dual executive system concerning the revision of power structure, but I doubt that the safe decentralized presidentialism like France could be enforced. We should realize the responsible politics and prompt governmental operation in the midst of the special circumstance like nation division. One of the strong points about the dual executive system is that in the ordinary time it is operated by the prime minister but in the hard time by the strong president.
Presently many people prefer the presidentialism simply because of nation division. So I think that 4-year reappointment and decentralized presidentialism is better than any other system, because it could be more faithful to the responsible politics.
The sole protagonist having the power to amend the constitution is the nation people. So if the amendment of the constitution is required, the government must convince the people with the necessity of that. The direction to the amendment should be made a choice by the people. No one knows any debate that the system of the government can satisfy the people or political circle. Because parliamentary system, strict presidential system of American style and dual executive system as French style may not be able to be compatible with Korean's constitutional environment where yet the frame of the constitutional ruling has not been strongly organized. The debate on the system of the government should focus not on the contents, but on the volition of the people. Consequently the debate on the system of the government could have the real meaning provided that it is in the process of the frame including the people sovereignty, democracy and the theory of the rule of law.