이승만 정권 시기 한글간소화파동 연구 = (A) study on 'Hangeul' simplification shock in the period of RheeSeungman government

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

ABSTRACT

A Study on 'Hangeul' Simplification Shock in the Period of RheeSeungman Government

Jung Jaehwan
major study : Korean History
Department of History
The Graduate School of
SungKyunKwan University


The 'Hangeul' Simplification Shock happened in 1950 for the revision of the rules of spelling, which was proposed by Seungman Rhee. However, this event was not limited in the problem of the rules of spelling. The Hangeul Simplification meant also a readjustment of mother language, which should be done in the period of the formation of national nation. President Seungman Rhee and Rhee Regime attempted to revise the rule of spelling arbitrarily and it caused big stir on the whole society as well as on the language.
The purpose of the thesis is to study on a few problems which have not been explained by preceding researches. First, this thesis focuses on the Seungman Rhee’s recognition of mother language leading the 'Hangeul' Simplification Shock. When he was young, he insisted to teach Hangeul and use it widely as a tool for enlightenment and civilization. To enlighten people, he published a newspaper with complete Hangeul and used Hangeul exclusively to himself. In other words, He contributed to the development of Hangeul. However, he would not understand a Unified Draft of 'Hangeul' Orthography which was spreading after Liberation. Ignoring people’s ability of using spelling, he also persisted that people had to use only phonetic spelling and tried to revise the rule of spelling arbitrarily. His behavior raised the 'Hangeul' Simplification Shock.
In spite of most people’s antagonism, the regime enforced the 'Hangeul' Simplification, which caused social big trouble. National opinion was excited. And the whole fields, for example, education, culture, printing and publication, felt a lot of insecurities. The Great Korean Dictionary didn’t continue to publish any more. The 'Hangeul' Simplification was a faulty policy caused by RheeSeungman regime’s omnipotence despotism.
The 'Hangeul' Simplification Shock left us to think over the social role of the church and the relationship between religion and politics. There was loud cry against the “Hangeul” Simplification for some time, but both Protestant and Cathedral churches remained silent. As the Protestant church had submitted to the government, they should take lukewarm attitude on the “Hangeul” Simplification. However, it can not be denied that the Protestant church objected the policy with passive resistance. After the Cathedral church broke up the close relationship with the government in 1952, they started to protest against the “Hangeul” Simplification with speeches and writings. The policy did not get support from the churches and finally failed.
To the study of churches’ reaction on the “Hangeul” Simplification, it is important as follows: Churches had finished already readjusting the Hangeul; the protestant church was being divided against itself at that time so that they could not attend to the social and political problem.
The 'Hangeul' Simplification was closely to the abolition of a Unified Draft of 'Hangeul' Orthography. The Korean Language Research Society could conserve a Unified Draft of 'Hangeul' Orthography and finish to publish the Great Korean Dictionary by being opposed steadily to the 'Hangeul' Simplification. The Korean Language Research Society gained an academic right and got a social consent on the right. However, the authority of the rule of spelling passed into the government after the 'Hangeul' Simplification Shock.
Although the government failed the policy of the 'Hangeul' Simplification to get the academic and procedural right, it regained the public role of an authority on the language policy and could strengthen the role of it by the 'Hangeul' Simplification Shock. Establishing the Korean Language Institute under the influence of the National Academy of Sciences on May 10, 1984, the government took a system being in charge of the Korean Language policy.
The 'Hangeul' Simplification Shock brought us to think over the role and authority between the government as the authority of the language policy and people being language users. Therefore, the Shock brought us to think of the necessity of a check and balance between the government and people being language users.
After the 'Hangeul' Simplification Shock, a Unified Draft of 'Hangeul' Orthography spread among the public with the help of the education, the mass media and the press. But the public feel difficulty about the 'Hangeul' Orthography now. There are a lot of complaints among people about the 'Hangeul' Orthography. Especially, young people have lots of complaints no wonder they are destroying the 'Hangeul' Orthography seriously. Some old people also think that the 'Hangeul' Orthography is so difficult that it needs to improve easily. Although it is sure that the shock will never happen again, it is possible that debate will arise as to the rule of spelling in some forms.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 머리말 1
• Ⅱ. 한글간소화파동의 발생원인
• 1. 이승만의 국문 인식과 그 한계 6
• 2. 언중(言衆)의 문자생활과 ‘통일안’ 17
• Ⅲ. 한글간소화파동의 시작과 전개
• 1. 한글간소화 논의의 공전 25
• 2. 한글간소화 논의의 본격화 29
• (1) 국무총리 훈령 제8호와 그 파장 29
• (2) 국어심의회의 활동 32
• 3. 한글간소화 문제를 둘러싼 갈등 36
• (1) 이승만의 독단과 구 성경 철자법 36
• (2) 문교부의 한글간소화 안 40
• (3) 한글간소화파동을 둘러싼 국회와 정부의 대립 46
• Ⅳ. 한글간소화 문제 해결을 위한 활동과 귀결
• 1. 철자법 문제 해결을 위한 노력 56
• (1) 대한어문연구회의 활동 56
• (2) 한글특별대책위원회의 활동 59
• 2. 이승만의 한글간소화에 대한 기독교계의 대응 61
• (1) 한글간소화에 대한 교회의 대응
•  (2) 교회의 ‘통일안’ 수용과 한글간소화 66
• (3) 이승만 정권과 한국 교회 69
• 3. 한글 학회의 활동과 한글간소화파동의 해소 73
• (1) 한글 학회의 활동 73
• (2) 한글간소화파동 해소 이후의 변화 9
• Ⅴ. 맺음말 82
• 참고문헌 87
• ABSTRACT 93
• <표1> 정경해의 &#65378;철자법실태조사&#65379;에서 ‘其一’을 인용 21
• <표2> 1979년 경기도 소재 학교 재학생 받아쓰기 결과 23
• <표3> 한글간소화파동의 전말 25
• <표4> 국어심의회 한글분과위원회 위원 25인 33
• <표5> 국어심의회 한글분과위원회 추가 임명된 위원 5인 33
• <표6> 문교부 간소화 안 1항. ‘있다’와 ‘잇다’의 비교 43
• <표7> 문교부 간소화 안 1항. ‘곧’과 ‘곳’, ‘곶’의 비교 43
• <표8> 문교부의 간소화 안 2항. 원사와 어원을 밝히지 않는 문제 44