The sphere decoder finds the maximum-likelihood (ML) solution with moderate complexity. The computational complexity of the sphere decoder can be further reduced by conventional decoding order schemes sorting the candidate symbols, where the candidate...
The sphere decoder finds the maximum-likelihood (ML) solution with moderate complexity. The computational complexity of the sphere decoder can be further reduced by conventional decoding order schemes sorting the candidate symbols, where the candidate symbols are sorted in ascending order of the distance from the soft-output signal points of a zero-forcing (ZF) receiver. The soft-output signal points from ZF, however, may not be a reliable reference of sorting for finding ML solutions. Moreover, conventional sorting scheme does not consider the searching of the following layer. In this thesis, two different sorting schemes are proposed which give more reliable sorting criteria. One is to sort each candidate symbols by counting the number of candidate symbols of the following layer, which is called child symbols. The other is to replace ZF signal points with newly found symbols in the next search with the new radius. The newly found symbols are closer to the received signal than the ZF solution leading to faster searching of ML solution. The proposed sorting scheme can be combined with layer sorting to allow more reliability at the first detected layer.On the other hands, the initial radius of sphere decoder has profound effect on the bit error rate performance and computational complexity. Generally, the initial radius of the sphere decoder has been determined by equation suggested in [5]. This equation, however, is not a closed form. A simple equation for setting initial radius is presented in this thesis.The computational complexity in low signal to noise ratio (SNR) region is explosive. Moreover, the sphere decoder has random complexity and the deviation is very large. These disadvantages make the sphere decoder be infeasible for the hardware implementation. In this these, two types of modified sphere decoders using joint candidate symbols and layer sorting are also proposed for the practical use of the sphere decoder.