시민사회와 공론장 이론의 재조명 = (A) Civil Society and Reviewed of the Public Sphere

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This thesis studies what the Habermas' conceptions of 'public sphere' mean, and what kind of effects they have on the development of modern civil society theories.
According to Habermas the public sphere of the liberal bourgeois emerges through the direct and indirect conflict between the citizens and the feudal authorities and an absolute monarch. That is, in the process a public man is born who is obliged to protect his private property/sphere; these would gather in salons and engage in rational, critical debates over the feudal authorities and the culture of emancipation and further by means of the literal public sphere that is developed and political parties they voluntarily rise against the monarchy state. At this point, civic society that kept on gaining force with the development of industrial and market economy capitalism clashed with regulations imposed by the state. Emancipated from the regulations of absolutism and equipped with letters the citizens of the public sphere used their newly acquired tools to criticize and struggle against their thus we witness the birth of the public sphere. As a result a bourgeois constitutional state that systemizes the ideology of the public sphere, is born. Whereas there only existed the display of authority and the people's submission to it in a political wasteland, this brought about a new political sphere where citizens were able to discuss and decide on their own problems.
If the public sphere is understood as a movement that rose out of a Civil-Society with the rise of the modern bourgeoisie and as a result of their effort to protect themselves from the system, then hyangyak(鄕約) can be seen in the same line of reasoning as the public sphere - as it is in a way an organized effort by the people under the Chosun dynasty to protect themselves from the system that attempted to gain control over their daily lives.
However there are similarities as well as distinct differences between the Western public sphere and hyangyak; thus the author will attempt to show its characteristics and how the public sphere operates in the Korean traditional context and further attempt to convey that the current Korean civic movement operates under the influence of traditional forces rather than according to the dynamics of the Western civil society.
These traces of a public sphere can be found in the hyangyak movement of the Chosun Dynasty. Although a civic society was absent and the movement was not led by the bourgeoisie one may say that hyangyak was an attempt to escape the rules of absolutism. hyangyak was a kind of comprise between the local forces who insisted on a local right as an independent arena with themselves at the center and the central government that wanted to centralize all forces through their presence even in the local areas.
This thesis claims: Habermas' conceptions, such as 'public sphere', 'civil society' which rejuvenate citizens' voluntary political participation, are an important conception as an alternative to civil society and representative democracy.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 목차 = ⅱ
• 제1장 서론 = 1
• 제1절 문제 제기 = 1
• 제2절 연구의의 및 연구문제 = 4
• 제3절 연구방법 및 논문의 구성 = 7
• 1. 연구방법 = 7
• 2. 논문의 구성 = 8
• 제2장 시민사회론과 공론장의 이론과 전개 = 10
• 제1절 시민사회론의 이론적 고찰 = 11
• 1. 초기 시민사회론 = 11
• 1) 고전적 의미의 시민사회론 = 11
• 2) 근대적 의미의 시민사회론 = 12
• 2. 자유주의 시민사회론 = 14
• 1) 루소의 시민사회론 = 14
• 2) 헤겔의 시민사회론 = 14
• 3) 토크빌의 시민사회론 = 16
• 3. 맑스주의 시민사회론 = 19
• 1) 마르크스의 시민사회론 = 19
• 2) 엥겔스의 시민사회론 = 20
• 4. 현대 시민사회론 = 21
• 1) 그람시의 시민사회론 = 21
• 2) 하버마스의 시민사회론 = 23
• 제2절 공론장의 전개과정과 기능 = 25
• 1. 공론장의 역사적 전개과정 = 25
• 2. 공론장의 정치적기능 = 28
• 1) 공론장의 정치권력기능 = 29
• 2) 공론장의 정치참여 기능 = 34
• 3. 공론장의 이념과 이데올로기 = 37
• 제3장 한국의 시민사회와 공론장 = 40
• 제1절 한국 시민사회의 전개 = 40
• 1. 시민사회의 형성과 성장 = 40
• 2. 시민사회의 특성 = 41
• 3. 시민사회의 현재 = 43
• 제2절 한국 공론장의 역사와 전개 = 48
• 1. 공론장의 형성과 구조화 = 48
• 2. 공론장의 정치적 기능 = 50
• 3. 공론장의 기능 변동 = 55
• 제3절 한국 시민사회와 공론장 = 57
• 1. 공론장의 이상적 모델 = 57
• 2. 시민사회와 공론장 = 60
• 제4장 한국 시민사회와 공론장의 재구성 = 67
• 제1절 시민사회의 재구조화와 로컬 공론장의 활성화 = 67
• 제2절 시민사회의 생활공론장의 활성화 = 70
• 제3절 정보화 사회와 인터넷 공론장의 활성화 = 76
• 제5장 요약 및 결론 = 85
• 〈참고문헌〉 = 93
• ABSTRACT = 97