만 5세 유아의 공격적 행동과 또래관계 - 또래관계의 안정성, 가해/피해 행동의 관계, 성별에 따른 또래거부와 가해 행동과의 관계 - = Aggression and Peer Relationships of Young children : Stability of Peer Relationships, Relationships between Aggressor and Victim Experiences Over Time, and Sex Differences of Relationships between Aggressor Experiences and Peer Rejection

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study investigated stability of young children's peer relationships and aggression and victimization, and sex differences of relations between aggression and peer relationships. Ninety-five 5-year-old children in Gyung-gi province were individually interviewed. Each child was shown a cartoon describing aggressive behaviors and asked whether in his/her class there was a child behaving in this way (aggressor) and receiving this kind of behavior (victim). Results showed that peer rejection was more stable than peer acceptance and early aggressive/victimized experiences predicted later aggressive/victimized experiences. Also, aggressive behavior significantly predicted peer rejection, which was stronger among girls than boys. This study suggests that peer rejection was less changeable than acceptance, and that aggressive behavior tends to be constant. Therefore, by preventing negative affects resulting from peer rejection, it is important to intervene aggressive behavior at an early age.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구는 유아기의 또래관계의 안정성과, 공격적 가해, 피해의 안정성, 가해, 피해 및 성별이 또래관계에 어떠한 영향을 주는지 알아보고자 하였다. 만 5세 유아 95명을 대상으로 1대1 구조화된 면접을 실시하였다. 2달 간격을 두고 공격적 가해, 피해와 또래관계(또래수용, 또래거부)를 각 두 차례 측정하였다. 각 유아에게 여러 가지 공격적인 행동이 나와 있는 그림을 보여주고, 같은 반에 이렇게 다른 친구를 대하는 친구가 누구인지(가해), 그런 행동을 당하는 유아(피해)가 누구인지 물어보았고, 가장 좋아하는 유아(또래수용)와 좋아하지 않는 유아(또래거부)를 고르게 하였다. 그 결과, 또래거부는 또래수용보다 더 안정적이었으며, 선행된 가해/피해는 2달 뒤의 가해/피해에 영향을 주었다. 가해는 또래거부를 유의하게 예측하였으며, 이러한 경향은 남아보다 여아에서 높았다. 본 논문은 싫어하는 유아는 선호하는 유아에 비해 더 고착되어 있고, 가해행동은 또래거부에 중요한 영향을 미치기에, 긍정적 또래관계 형성 및 가해행동의 중재는 어린 시기부터 시작되어야 함을 시사한다.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 문무경, "학습과 발달에 대한 이해 : 또래관계를 중심으로" 창지사 2005

2 청소년폭력예방재단, "학교폭력 실태조사" 청소년폭력예방재단 2009

3 신유림, "자기회귀 교차지연 모형을 적용한 유아기 관계적 공격성과 또래거부의 발달 경향에 대한 종단 연구" 한국유아교육학회 32 (32): 101-115, 2012

4 권하나, "유아의 언어, 인지, 사회·정서발달과 또래 간 인기도의 관계" 이화여자대학교 교육대학원 2009

5 이지희, "유아기 긍정적·부정적 또래상호작용에 관련된 변인 연구" 한국보육지원학회 8 (8): 301-322, 2012

6 김원중, "왕따: 의미, 실태, 원인에 관한 종합적 고찰" 한국상담학회 5 (5): 451-472, 2004

7 이지영, "남녀 유아의 거친 신체 놀이와 또래유능성 및 또래인기도와의 관계" 한국열린유아교육학회 13 (13): 93-112, 2008

8 Kristensen, S. M., "The use of coping strategies by Danish children classed as bullies, victims, bully/victims, and not involved, in response to different(hypothetical)types of bullying" 44 (44): 479-488, 2003

9 Ladd, G. W., "The role of chronic peer difficulties in the development of children’s psychological adjustment problems" 47 (47): 1344-1367, 2003

10 Koo, H., "The nature of school bullying in South Korea" University of London 2005

11 Asher, S. R., "The behavioral basis of acceptance, rejection, and perceived popularity, In Handbook of peer interaction, relationships, and groups" Guilford 232-248, 2009

12 Hay, D. F., "The beginning of peer relations, In Handbook of peer interaction, relationships, and groups" Guilford 121-142, 2009

13 Jiang, X. Lu., "Stability of continuous measures of sociometric status : a meta-analysis" 25 (25): 1-25, 2005

14 Walker, S., "Sociometric stability and the behavioral correlates of peer acceptance in early childhood" 170 (170): 339-358, 2009

15 Burgess, K. B., "Social information processing and coping strategies of shy/withdrawn and aggressive children: Does aggression matter?" 77 (77): 371-383, 2006

16 Hawley, P. H., "Social dominance in childhood and adolescence: Why social competence and aggression may go hand in hand, In Aggression and adaptation: The bright side to bad behavior" Lawrence Erlbaum and Associates 1-29, 2007

17 Perren, S., "Social behavior and peer relationships of victims, bully-victims, and bullies in kindergarten" 47 (47): 45-57, 2006

18 Crick, N. R., "Relational and physical forms of peer victimization in preschool" 35 (35): 376-385, 1999

19 Zimmer-Gembeck, M., "Relational aggression, physical aggression, prosocial behavior, and peer relations : Gender moderation and bidrectional associations" 25 (25): 421-452, 2005

20 Ostrov, J. M., "Prospective association between peer victimization and aggression" 81 (81): 1670-1677, 2010

21 Monks. C. P., "Peer, self, and teacher nominations for participant roles taken in victimisation by five-and eight-year-olds" 2 (2): 4-14, 2010

22 Kochenderfer, B. J., "Peer victimization: Cause or consequence of children's school adjustment difficulties?" 67 (67): 1305-1317, 1996

23 Parker. J. G., "Peer relationships child development, and adjustment: A developmental psychopathology perspective, In Developmental psychopathology: Vol. 2: Risk, disorder, and adaptation" Wiley 96-145, 1995

24 Boivin, M., "Peer relationships and the development of aggressive behavior in early childhood, In Developmental origins of aggression" Guilford 326-397, 2005

25 Rubin, K. H., "Peer interactions, relationships, and groups, In Handbook of child psychology: Vol. 3. Social, emotional, and personality development" Wiley 619-700, 1998

26 Salmivalli, C., "Intelligent, attractive, well-behaving, unhappy : The structure of adolescents’ self-concept and its relations to their social behavior" 8 (8): 333-354, 1998

27 Cillessen, A. H. N., "From cencure to reinforcement : Developmental changes in the association between aggression and social status" 75 (75): 147-163, 2004

28 Ostrov, J. M., "Forms of aggression and peer victimisation during early childhood : a short-term longitudinal study" 36 (36): 311-322, 2008

29 Ostrov, J. M., "Forms and functions of aggression during early childhood : A short-term longitudinal study" 36 (36): 22-43, 2007

30 Björkqvist, K., "Do girls manipulate and boys fight? Developmental trends in regard to direct and indirect aggression" 18 (18): 117-127, 1992

31 Card, N. A., "Direct and indirect aggression during childhood and adolescence : A meta-analytic review of gender differences, intercorrelations, and relations to maladjustment" 79 (79): 1185-1229, 2008

32 Smith, P. K., "Definitions of bullying : A comparison of terms used, and age and sex differences, in a 14-country international comparison" 73 (73): 1119-1133, 2002

33 Smith, P. K., "Concepts of bullying : developmental and cultural aspects" 20 (20): 101-112, 2008

34 Hymel, S., "Children's peer relationships : Longitudinal prediction of internalizing and externalizing problems from middle to late childhood" 61 (61): 2004-2021, 1990

35 Newcomb, A. F., "Children's peer relations : A meta-analytical review of popular, rejected, neglected, controversial, and average sociometric status" 113 (113): 99-128, 1993

36 Salmivalli, C., "Bullying as a group process : Participant roles and their relations to social status within the group" 22 (22): 1-15, 1996

37 Camodeca, M., "Bullying and victimization among school-age children : Stability and links to proactive and reactive aggression" 11 (11): 332-345, 2002

38 Monks, C. P., "Aggressors, victims and defenders in preschool : peer-, self-, teacher reports" 49 (49): 453-469, 2003

39 Dodge, K., "Aggression and antisocial behavior in youth, In Handbook of child psychology: Vol. 3. Social, emotional, and personality development" Wiley 719-788, 2006

40 Coyne, S. M., "Adolescent perceptions of indirect forms of relational aggression : Sex of perpetrator effects" 34 (34): 577-583, 2008

41 Asher, S. R., "A reliable sociometric measure for preschool children" 15 (15): 443-444, 1979

42 Crick, N. R., "A longitudinal study of relational and physical aggression in preschool" 27 (27): 254-268, 2006

43 Hanish, L., "A longitudinal analysis patterns of adjustment following peer victimization" 14 (14): 69-89, 2002