아이 성 정복 실패가 진정 아간 때문 만인가? -여호수아 7장 2-5절에 대한 비평적 분석을 중심으로- = Is the Failure of Conquering AI really only because of Achan? - Focused on Critical Analysis on Joshua 7:2-5

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Joshua 7 describes why and how the Israelites failed to conquer the city of Ai when they first tried. It appears that the chapter clearly depicts the reason as the fault of Achan. But if the sin of Acahn is the only reason, the second attempt, after punishing Achan to death, must be the same with the first. But the aspect of second attempt portrayed in chapter 8 is quite different from that of the first in 7:2-5. It means that Achan's case is not the only reason.
Comparing the text of Joshua 7:2-5 with that of surrounded chapters, it is clear that the portrayal of Joshua is remarkably different from that in other battle accounts. In other words, this particular text shows no sign of Joshua being a dedicated, sharp warrior. The followings are the images of Joshua we have discovered. First, he did not order any commands to move out or withdraw. He merely kept silent or approved hesitantly. Second, he did not rise early in the morning unlike the other days. This conveys an impression that the mind of the commander in chief was indolent in the time when he should have been sensitive in the field. Third, he was not with the people as in the other battles, nor did he lead out. Fourth, he did not set up any strategy for the battle. Fifth, he did not ask for YHWH's guidance for this battle. Combining all these facts, we are able to conclude that the primary responsibility for failing this battle is on Joshua.
However, the text of Joshua 7 is deliberately masking Joshua's mistakes in this campaign. First of all, Joshua 7:1 makes the reader focus on Achan's sin. There is no doubt that Achan's sin was a serious problem among the Israelites, YHWH's covenantal community. Yet the way Joshua 7 is written shows how it is trying to hide Joshua's mistake in relation to Achan's problem. In the following text, 7:2-5, Joshua is completely left out. However, even this literary strategy could not wholly cover Joshua. Critical analysis of the text helps us to understand the reality of the account more clearly beyond the intention of the text.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

이 논문은 여호수아 7장 1-5의 비평적 분석을 통하여 아이성 전투의 실패의 원인을 밝힌다. 필자는 연구의 결과로 본문이 아이 성 정복을 실패한 지휘관 여호수아의 실수를 의도적으로 은폐하고 오직 아간의 범죄에 주목하도록 독자들을 유도하고 있음을 설득력있게 제시한다.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 김상래, "이데올로기 비평으로 본 창 16장: ‘성’과 ‘계급’과 ‘인종’을 중심으로" 23 : 85-102, 2007

2 성경사건강해편찬위원회, "여호수아－사무엘상, In 성경사건강해 제2권" 섬김출판사 1996

3 강병도, "여호수아·사사기·룻기, In 호크마 종합 주석 6" 기독지혜사 1989

4 목양서원, "여호수아, In 트리니티 말씀대전 제6권" 바라서적 1992

5 김상래, "야훼의 '땅' 약속에 대한 아브라함의 믿음의 의미 재해석 - 히 11장 8-10절의 해석에 대한 메타 주석 -" 한국구약학회 14 (14): 85-102, 2008

6 Harris, R. Laird, "Theological Wordbook of the Old Testament" Moody Bible Institute 1980

7 White, E. G, "The Story of Patriarchs and Prophets" Pacific Press Publishing House 2005

8 Clines, David J. A, "The Postmodern Adventure, In Auguries: The Jubilee Volume of the Sheffield Department of Biblical Studies" Sheffield Academic Press 1998

9 Albright, W. F, "The Israelite Conquest of Canaan in the Light of Archaeology" 74 : 11-13, 1939

10 Callaway, J. A, "The Early Bronze Age Citadel and Lower City at Ai (et-Tell), No. 2" ASOR 1979

11 Woudstra, M. H, "The Book of Joshua (NICOT)" Eerdmans 1981

12 Kissling, P, "Reliable Characters in the Primary History: Profile of Moses, Joshua, Elijah and Elisha" Sheffield Academic Press 1996

13 Callaway, J. A, "New Evidence on the Conquest of Ai" 87 : 312-320, 1968

14 Clines, David J. A, "Metacommenting Amos, In Interested Parties: The Ideology of Writers and Readers of the Hebrew Bible" Sheffield Academic Press 76-93, 1995

15 Livingston, D, "Location of Biblical Bethel and Ai Reconsidered" 33 : 39-50, 1971

16 Howard, David M, "Joshua: An Exegetical and Theological Exposition of Holy Scripture, In The New American Commentary Volume 5" Broadman an Holman Publishers 1998

17 Butler, Trent C, "Joshua, In WBC 7; Dallas" Word Books, Publisher 1983

18 Hawk, L. Daniel, "Joshua, In Berit Olam" The Liturgical Press 2000

19 Boling, Robert G, "Ernest, Joshua, In Anchor Bible" Doubleday 1982

20 Noth, M, "Bethel und Ai" 31 : 7-29, 1935

21 Grintz, J. M, "Ai Which Is Beside Beth-Aven" 42 : 201-216, 1961

22 Callaway, J. A, "Ai" 1 : 36-52, 1975

23 Macherey, P, "A Theory of Literary Productio, In tr. Geoffrey Wall" Routledge & Kegan Paul 1978

24 Klen, Ernst, "A Comprehensive Etymological Dictionary of the Hebrew Language for Readers of English" The University of Haifa 1987