폴란드의 포퓰리즘 정치: 민족주의적 수사학의 대중적 동원력과 그 한계 = Populism in Poland: Nationalist Rhetoric at the Crossroads

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

In this study, the author is investigating one phase of Eastern European transformation, that of the populist, focusing in particular on the case of Poland. The two-year period beginning from the 2005 election, in which populist forces won and were at the peak of their popularity, can be defined as the populist phase of Polish politics. While the populist phase was triggered by emerging populist parties and movements, as a whole it was actually created since their blow was not acceptable in the established political structure and, therefore, the forces entered politics, based on popular feelings of anti-politics. In the case of Poland, the post-communist left-wing declined in the 2000s, and following that, the right-wing grasped the core of politics. As a result, the phenomena of the combination of populism and nationalism, and the strengthening of illiberal democracy, became visible in mainstream politics. Almost all political forces, not just the populist forces, underwent this influence respectively in positive or negative terms. Current populism is tinged with radical, right-wing ideologies at its core, as well as nationalist sentiments. Populism in Poland is characterized by the banner of being anti-corruption and anti-establishment; challenges constitutionalism and procedural democracy; disregards the minority; and emphasizes ethnic, national interests in foreign relations. In spite of its willingness to represent directly the interests of the people rather than through institutional arrangements, its realization failed; as a result, the formation of the government began to hand itself over to liberal and moderate center-right forces around the Civic Platform. In the development of the party itself, the Civic Platform initially showed a populist orientation in some degree, but in general, it is evaluated as being cautious in the implementation of policy, including economic and social policy. According to the seizure of political power by moderate rather than extreme political forces, Polish politics caught up in radical changes may become more or less stable.

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