4세대 전쟁의 이론과 실제 = 분란전(insurgency) 평가를 중심으로

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Proponents of 4GW(Fourth-Generation Warfare) criticized America’s military operations in Iraq and Afghanistan, saying that America’s approach was founded on the traditional third generation warfare focusing on massive maneuver and high-tech based intelligence. They argue that the evolution of warfare reflects technical, political, economic and social development, and that today’s war is evolving to a new generation in which state’s monopoly on war wanes and non-state entities rise. They insist that, in the future, such non-state warriors including insurgents and global terrorists will be main actors of war, and that it will be critical to struggle for men’s minds in winning a war. As the Iraqi War demonstrated, their argument that future wars will be characterized by non-state actors, little distinction between war and peace, non-military values including culture and religion, and various communication methods, was highly persuasive. 4GW, however, has serious theoretical problems, such as conceptual vagueness, the reductionist fallacy in the use of historical cases, and the lack of universality in actual application to all regions beyond Iraq, Afghanistan and some others. And its application to current cases of insurgency, where people has not fully experienced the 1st through 3rd generations accompanied with modern nation-state building and high-tech based military maneuver, is biased by the Western historical perspective. Hence, 4GW remains just as a ‘doctrine’ rather than a ‘theory’. Nevertheless, its emphasis on the moral aspect of war and horizontal network-based warfare provides us with significant lessons for conducting counterinsurgency in the future.

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