0교시 체육활동 효과에 대한 메타분석 = A Meta-Analysis on the Effects of Early Morning Physical Activity

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This meta-analysis comprehensively evaluated the educational effects of early morning physical education (zero-period physical activity) to derive strategic implications for effective program operation. Analyzing 39 Korean studies (2010–2023) with 315 effect sizes using a random effects model, the study found a significant overall effect size of SMD = 0.38, indicating a moderate positive effect.
By dependent variable domain, relatively higher effects were observed in the biological and affective domains. Notably, significant effects in the cognitive domain confirmed that morning exercise functions as an integrated mechanism for enhancing students' psychological stability and readiness for learning. Moderator analysis revealed that effects were maximized at the elementary level, particularly with program durations of 11 weeks or longer and sessions of 30–50 minutes. Regarding exercise types, competitive and expressive activities showed superior effects, highlighting the importance of social interaction and emotional regulation.
These findings statistically reconfirm that zero-period physical activity is a valid intervention for supporting the holistic development of adolescents and provide practical evidence for designing systematic, school-based morning exercise programs.