北周露门学的文学教育与其文化影响研究 = Analysis of the Literary Education and Cultural Influence of the Lumeng School in the Northern Zhou Dynasty

국문 초록 (Abstract)

露門學은 北周 武帝 시기에 설치되어 종실 및 귀족 자제들에게 교육을 제공하던 관립 학교이다. 설립 초기 노문학에는 文學博士, 露門博士, 露門學士 등이 배치되어 일상적인 교육 및 교수 활동을 수행하였다. 초기 노문학은 문학박사를 중심으로 한 문학 교육에 치중하였으나, 중기 이후 문학박사의 임용을 중단하고 유교 經義에 정통한 학자들을 노문박사와 노문학사로 기용하였다. 즉, 노문학의 교육 역점과 내용은 문학 교육에서 유학 교육으로의 전환 과정을 겪었다. 노문학은 북주의 정치·문화적 배경 아래 형성된 특정 산물로, 첫째, 노문학의 설립은 정국이 혼란하고 황권이 불안정했던 상황에서 통치자가 노문학과 문학박사를 통해 정치적 곤경을 타개하고자 했던 의지를 반영한다. 둘째, 노문학의 문학 교육은 북주의 비교적 개방적이고 포용적인 사회 문화적 분위기를 여실히 보여준다. 특히 남북조 문학 교류가 빈번해지던 시기에 노문학은 문인들의 교류 거점으로서 북조 문학의 번영을 뒷받침하였다. 셋째, 북주 통치자들은 文風이 雅正한 노문문학박사를 매개로 북주 문학이 단순 모방에서 탈피하여 독자적인 발전 경로를 확립하기를 기대하였다. 노문학은 창작 능력을 갖춘 종실 인재를 배출하였고, 문인과 종실 사이의 교류 장을 제공함으로써 북주 종실의 전반적인 문화·문학적 소양을 함양하는 데 기여하였다. 노문학은 宇文氏 황실의 중앙집권 강화 및 關隴集團 배제를 위한 정치적 전략이었으나, 이는 구 귀족 세력과의 모순을 격화시켜 북주 멸망의 한 원인이 되기도 하였다. 수나라 초기의 ‘文學復古’ 운동으로 위축되었으나, 당나라 초기 太宗이 설치한 文學館이 노문학과 높은 유사성을 보인다는 점은 이들의 문화적 영향력이 당대 사회 문화 및 국가 정책 지형에까지 깊이 미쳤음을 시사한다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Lumen School was set up during the reign of Emperor Wu of the Northern Zhou Dynasty to provide education for the Members of croyal family and the nobility. In the early days of the establishment of Lumen Studies, literature professors of the Lumeng School，professors of the Lumeng School, and Bachelors of Lumen Schoolwere set up to maintain and carry out daily education and teaching work. Through the analysis of the life history and personal talents of the teachers within Lumen Studies, it can be seen that the early stage of Lumen Studies was a literary education mainly based on professorsof literature, and the professorsof literature were held by writers and literati with creative talents at that time. In the middle and late periods, Lumen studies stopped hiring professorsof literature, and appointed scholars who were good at Confucian classics as professors of the Lumeng School, Bachelors of Lumen School. The educational focus and educational content of Lumen studies have undergone a transformation from literary education to Confucian education. Lumen studies are a specific product formed in the political and cultural context of the Northern Zhou Dynasty. First of all, the establishment of Lumen Studies reflected the political turmoil in the Northern Zhou Dynasty, the instability of imperial power, and the rulers hoped to use Lumen studies and doctors of literature to help reverse the political predicament; Secondly, the literary education of Lumen studies shows the more open and inclusive social and cultural atmosphere of the Northern Zhou Dynasty, and in the critical period of increasingly frequent literary exchanges between the north and the south, Lumen studies as a place for literati and writers to provide assistance for the vigorous development of literature in the Northern Dynasty; Thirdly, the rulers of the Northern Zhou Dynasty also hoped to use Lumen studies and the elegant Lumen Literature doctor to promote Northern Zhou literature to get rid of imitation and form a unique independent development path. Although the literary education process of Lumen Studies is relatively short, as a school, it has cultivated some royal family members with creative talents for the Northern Zhou royal family; As a place for literati and Members of the royal family, it also has a non-negligible contribution to improving the overall cultural and literary literacy of the Northern Zhou royal family. The literary education of the Northern Zhou Dynasty was a political strategy of the Yuwen royal family to strengthen centralization and exclude the Guanlong clique, but at the same time, it also intensified the contradictions with the old aristocracy and laid hidden dangers for the fall of the Northern Zhou Dynasty. In the early Sui Dynasty, the Guanlong Group revived, and the "literary retro" movement silenced the open concept inherited by Lumen Studies. By the beginning of the Tang Dynasty, the literary museum set up by Emperor Taizong of Tang was highly similar to Lumen studies, which reflected that Lumen studies had a far-reaching cultural influence, which to a certain extent affected the social culture and national policy layout of the early Tang Dynasty.