첨단항공교통 배터리 교환 스테이션의 확률적 운영 해석과 처리 지연 거동 분석 = A Probabilistic Operational Analysis and Processing Delay Behavior Study of Battery Swapping Stations in Advanced Air Mobility

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Advanced Air Mobility (AAM) systems rely on high-frequency operations of electric vertical take-off and landing (eVTOL) aircraft, making the performance of ground energy infrastructure a critical factor for overall system efficiency and reliability. In particular, battery swapping stations function as service systems in which multiple aircraft arrivals share limited resources, inevitably leading to processing delays under stochastic demand conditions. Previous studies have primarily focused on optimization-based scheduling and simulation-driven performance evaluation. However, the probabilistic mechanisms governing delay generation and operational stability in battery swapping systems have not been sufficiently explored. This study presents a probabilistic operational analysis of battery swapping stations in AAM using queueing theory. The system is modeled as a multi-server queueing system with stochastic arrival and service processes, and key performance metrics—including system utilization, average waiting time, and delay probability are analytically derived. Furthermore, delay behavior is examined not only in terms of average values but also through probabilistic distributions and service-level-based performance criteria. To validate the proposed analytical framework, MATLAB-based discrete-event simulations are conducted under various operational scenarios, including different arrival rates and service time variability conditions. The results indicate that stochastic characteristics significantly influence delay behavior and system stability, particularly under peak demand conditions. The proposed approach provides a theoretical foundation for understanding delay dynamics in AAM battery swapping operations and offers practical insights for designing stable and efficient ground infrastructure systems.