교통사고 재구성을 위한 360 카메라 기반 3D 포토그래메트리 모델의 기하학적 정확도 및 궤적 오차 분석 = Accuracy and Trajectory Analysis of 360 Camera-based 3D Models for Accident Reconstruction

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Precise 3D modeling of accident scenes is becoming increasingly important for highly reliable traffic accident reconstruction, especially in complex road environments such as ramps and sloped sections. This study evaluates the geometric accuracy and simulation applicability of 3D road models generated using a consumer-grade 360 camera and photogrammetry technology. The test site was conducted at the circular ramp section of K-City, a dedicated autonomous driving test facility. The point cloud data (PCD) obtained through 360 camera-based photogrammetry was compared with high-precision Mobile Mapping System (MMS) data, which served as the ground truth. To analyze the practical error in a simulation environment, vehicle trajectories (x, y, z coordinates) were extracted from PC-Crash using both models. The study analyzes the similarity between the two trajectories through 3D Euclidean distance, root mean square error (RMSE), and slope change rates. The results provide quantitative evidence on the reliability of low-cost 3D modeling for accident reconstruction and suggest its potential and limitations in modeling complex road geometries.