파노라마 기반 온라인 박물관 관람 서비스의 공간지각 취약점 분석 및 개선 방향 연구 = An Analysis of Spatial Perception Vulnerabilities and Improvement Strategies in Panorama-Based Online Museum Tour Services

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Background: While panorama-based online museum services overcome physical and temporal constraints, they often fail to fully convey spatial perception experiences formed during on-site visits because users rely mainly on screen-based visual information. In particular, spatial continuity, orientation perception, and openness may be weakened, reducing users’ immersion. Therefore, this study aims to identify spatial perception vulnerabilities perceived by users in panorama-based online museum viewing services and to exploratorily examine the possibility of improving spatial perception through the adjustment of viewing conditions.
Methods: Focusing on the Central Asia Gallery of the National Museum of Korea, this research conducted controlled experiments with university and graduate students in their 20s and 30s familiar with online viewing environments. We compared the pre- and post-improvement results using the same online viewing system while controlling viewing conditions and operation methods, analyzed user perceptions of spatial perception elements, and analyzed the differences before and after improvement through paired t-tests. Through this, we aimed to exploratorily examine the impact of differences in viewing conditions on spatial perception without changing the system or content.Results: The analysis revealed that in panorama-based online museum viewing services, directional awareness and spatial continuity were the weakest spatial perception elements, and users tended to fail to clearly perceive their current location and the structure of the exhibition space during movement. Conversely, under viewing conditions where directions for spatial perception improvement were applied, improvements were observed in directional awareness, spatial continuity, openness, depth, and distance perception. This suggests that adjusting viewing conditions has the potential to positively enhance the spatial perception experience in online viewing environments.
Conclusion: This study is significant in that it exploratorily examined the possibility of improving the spatial perception experience of online museum viewing services through design adjustments to viewing conditions and operation methods, without system development or content changes. Furthermore, as it derived directions for improving spatial perception based on user surveys and expert consultations, it can be utilized as foundational data for the future design and evaluation of online museum viewing services.