主理･主氣에서 主宰說, 그리고 心說 논쟁으로 : 근대전환기 江右 지역 학파 간 논쟁에서의 ‘主’ 개념의 이동 = From Juri and Jugi to the Theory of Governance, and the Debate on the Mind : The Transformation of the Concept of “Mastery” in Inter-School Controversies of the Gangwoo Region during Korea’s

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This article reinterprets the debate between juri (主理) and jugi (主氣) in Gang-u Confucianism during Korea’s modern transitional period through the concept of ju (主). Previous scholarship has generally understood this debate in terms of the ontological superiority of li or qi or as a marker of sectarian affiliation. In contrast, this study argues that juri and jugi should be read as positions concerning how the criterion, operative mechanism, and responsible subject of moral judgment are to be established. In this sense, ju is not a term denoting a substantial opposition between li and qi, but a positional concept that determines the starting point, structure, and attribution of moral judgment. Focusing on discussions among the Hanju, Ganjae, Rosa, and Yeonjae schools, the paper analyzes the development of ju on three interconnected levels. First, the juri-jugi debate concerned the interpretive starting point of moral judgment. Second, the theory of jujae (主宰) addressed how this criterion operates in the activity of the mind. Third, debates on the mind (simseol) examined the ultimate subject of moral responsibility. The paper argues that this progression reflects a deepening of a single philosophical problematic, through which the issue of ju was internalized into the mind. Gang-u Confucianism should therefore be understood as a dynamic intellectual field centered on moral judgment and agency.