비시각 경로를 중심으로 한 멀티모달 지능형 조명에 대한 분석 = An Analysis of Multimodal Intelligent Lighting from the Perspective of Non-Image-Forming Pathways

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

(Background and Purpose) Lighting in spatial environments has traditionally been regarded as a key design element that shapes visually perceived images of space and its atmospheres through parameters such as illuminance, correlated color temperature, and lighting composition. Accordingly, discussions on intelligent lighting systems have primarily focused on the relationship between visual perception and user responses associated with the image-forming pathway. However, recent studies in neuroscience suggest that identical light stimuli can also be processed via non-image-forming pathways and discussed in relation to arousal states and affect-related responses. Nevertheless, these findings have not yet been sufficiently organized or interpreted in spatial design and intelligent lighting discourse. Therefore, this study aims to analyze multimodal intelligent lighting from the perspective of non-image-forming pathways and to structure the analysis as an interpretive design framework applicable to spatial design discourse. (Method) Rather than conducting empirical experiments, this study adopts an analytical approach based on a review of existing literature. Previous studies on non-image-forming pathways under monochromatic and white-light conditions were examined to clarify how lighting stimuli have been discussed in relation to user states and associated responses. In addition, research on respiratory synchronization, tactile stimulation, and natural sounds was reviewed to explore the potential of interaction support modules that may be functionally related to non-image-forming processing pathways. Throughout this process, experimental findings were not treated as direct evidence of specific effects but were reconstructed as design-relevant references within a spatial design context. (Results) The analysis suggests that lighting stimuli can be processed in parallel through both image-forming and non-image-forming pathways, indicating the possibility of interpreting intelligent lighting beyond purely visual presentation, as an experiential element associated with user states. From this perspective, interaction support modules are positioned not as independent or substitute stimuli but as complementary elements that support lighting-centered experiences. Based on this understanding, a lighting-centered multimodal interaction structure was organized, and a design framework incorporating a conceptual input–interpretation–output flow was proposed. Furthermore, the framework was structured as an interpretive comparative reference that can be selectively applied according to spatial and affective contexts. (Conclusions) By connecting neuroscientific discussions on non-image-forming pathways with interpretive approaches in spatial design, this study seeks to broaden the conceptual understanding of multimodal intelligent lighting. The proposed design framework does not aim to directly induce or regulate specific user responses but rather functions as a theoretical reference for examining multimodal configurations while maintaining lighting as the primary design element. This approach may serve as a conceptual reference structure for future discussions on intelligent lighting that consider non-image-forming pathways within spatial design and user experience research.