리듬 스텝 트레이닝이 중학생의 자유투 정확도에 미치는 영향 = The Impact of Rhythm Step Training on Free-Throw Shooting Accuracy in Middle School Students

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study investigated the effects of rhythm-step training on the free-throw accuracy of middle-school basketball players. Participants were randomly assigned to either a fixed-rhythm group or a natural-rhythm group and completed a 12-week rhythm-step training program integrated into regular free-throw practice. Free-throw accuracy was assessed through ten standardized attempts during both the pre-test and post-test, and a structured Likert-scale questionnaire was administered to evaluate participants’ perceptions of the training. Both groups showed statistically significant improvements in free-throw accuracy following the intervention, with the natural-rhythm group demonstrating a greater increase compared to the fixed-rhythm group. Paired-sample and independent-sample t-tests confirmed these differences, and effect-size analyses (Cohen’s d) indicated small to moderate practical effects favoring the natural-rhythm condition. In addition, participants reported higher post-training perceptions of the necessity, usefulness, and effectiveness of rhythm-step training, suggesting that repeated rhythm-supported practice enhanced their confidence and understanding of its benefits. Overall, the findings indicate that rhythm-step training contributes meaningfully to improved free-throw accuracy in adolescent learners. These results provide empirical support for incorporating rhythm-based instruction into youth basketball training programs. Future research should examine its effects on additional basketball skills, related psychological variables, and long-term performance retention to further validate rhythm-step training as a systematic coaching method.