공항만 회색지대(Gray Zone) 위협에 대한 국가안보 관점 분석 : 민ㆍ군 복합공간의 안보 취약성과 대응 전략 = A National Security–Oriented Analysis of Grey Zone Threats to Airports and Seaports : Security Vulnerabilities and Response Strategies in Civil–Military Hybrid Domains

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study analyzes the potential threats of the Grey Zone posed through airports and seaports from a national security perspective and proposes corresponding countermeasures. Grey Zone threats operate within an ambiguous space between peace and armed conflict, encompassing a wide range of tactics that are difficult to address effectively through existing security systems and conventional response frameworks. In particular, airports and seaports, as key nodes of national connectivity, play a crucial role in national security. However, due to their inherently open and civilian-oriented characteristics, they face significant vulnerabilities to asymmetric threats. This study systematically examines the risks that may arise in airports and seaports through Grey Zone strategies. Furthermore, by reviewing cases from China, Russia, and other countries, the study demonstrates that airports and seaports are increasingly utilized as primary operational theaters for Grey Zone threats, and it critically assesses the limitations of the Republic of Korea’s current response framework. The analysis reveals that Korea’s existing airport and port security systems lack an integrated response capability tailored to Grey Zone threats and remain dependent on fragmented and reactive measures. Accordingly, this study proposes comprehensive and systematic response strategies to strengthen national resilience against Grey Zone threats, including enhanced interagency coordination, improved information sharing and cooperation mechanisms, and legal and institutional reforms. This research is expected to contribute to reaffirming the security significance of airports and seaports and to providing strategic direction for future national security policies.