한국 주요 정원식물의 꽃 형질과 곤충 방문 양상 분석 = Floral Traits and Insect Visitation Patterns among Major Garden Plants in Korea

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study examined how floral traits influence insect visitation among 21 commonly used garden plants in Korea. From May to October 2025, floral characteristics—such as flower diameter, floret number, inflorescence type, plant height, flowering duration, and floral area—were measured at the Sejong National Arboretum, and insect visitation was recorded 48 times during the flowering season. A total of 1,180 insects were observed, 73.1% of which were pollinators, highlighting the importance of garden plants as floral resources. Floral traits showed substantial variation among species. While correlations between traits and insect visitation were weak across all 21 species, analysis of 15 co-flowering species (≥70% overlapping periods) revealed that floral area had the strongest positive correlation with bee visitation (ρ ≈ 0.53), suggesting that floral display size is a key determinant under competitive flowering conditions. No significant differences were found between native species and cultivars. These results emphasize the ecological relevance of trait-based plant selection and flowering synchrony in designing pollinator-friendly gardens.