상용 드론과 스마트폰 AR 기반 저비용 수목 조사 정확도 분석 = Accuracy Analysis of Low-Cost Tree Surveying Using a Commercial Drone and Smartphone-Based AR

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

In a mixed forest environment, a total of 87 trees were surveyed using a DJI Mavic 2 Pro drone and a smartphone equipped with the PIX4Dcatch application to measure diameter at breast height (DBH) and tree height. The collected tree data were compared with traditional field measurements obtained using tools such as measuring tapes and laser hypsometers. The PIX4Dcatch app, based on ARKit, enabled 3D scanning around individual trees to generate point cloud models, from which DBH and tree height values were extracted. The Mavic 2 Pro drone provided high-resolution aerial imagery, supplementing information on the upper canopy structure and tree apex. Analysis showed that smartphone-based DBH measurements achieved an RMSE of ±0.9 cm and an MAE of 0.8 cm, demonstrating a level of precision comparable to conventional methods. Drone-assisted tree height measurements yielded an RMSE of ±2.8 m and an MAE of 2.2 m. This study demonstrates that a new low-cost tree surveying approach using consumer-grade equipment can maintain sufficient precision while significantly improving time and cost efficiency. These findings suggest strong potential for integrating smartphone AR technology and drones as a practical alternative in future forest resource assessments.