『이십일도회고시』 를 통해 본 유득공의 고대사 인식 = Yu Deuk-gong’s Perception of Ancient Korean History through a Isibildohoegosi

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Unlike the initial edited edition of Isibildohoegosi(Reminiscent poems of 21 capital cities), in which Yu Deuk-gong introduced the Dangun myth as transmitted in the Samgukyusa, in the revised version, he cited the Dangun record found in Gwon Geun’s Eungjesi (Poems Composed by Imperial Command). He understood that Dangun and his descendants ruled over Gojoseon for 1048 years and accepted, without criticism, the royal lineage of Buyeo that continued from Dangun to Haeburu, Geumwa, and Daeso. Like most aristocratic scholar-gentry of the Joseon Dynasty, he trusted the theory of Gija's eastward migration and revered Gija as a symbol of enlightenment and civilization. Yu accepted the conventional understanding that King Jun, a descendant of Gija, was ousted by Wiman and moved to Geumma, where he founded Mahan. He also embraced Hong Man-jong's theory of historical legitimate succession, which traces lineage from Dangun Joseon to Gijajoseon to Mahan. Through his poetry on General Euljimundeok and the Battle of Ansi Fortress, he emphasized Goguryeo’s strong national power and recognized Balhae as the legitimate successor of Goguryeo. He criticized King Uija of Baekje for his extravagance, indulgence, and disregard for loyal remonstrations, and wrote retrospective poems about relics related to Baekje’s fall. Regarding Silla, while he positively evaluated the unity of the three surnames—Park, Seok, and Kim—and the civilization they achieved, he also expressed a perception of Silla as a nation of brutality. He lamented the fact that although Gaya was once a great nation that had diplomatic relations with Southern Qi(南齊) in China and held Silla as a tributary, Joseon people perceived it as an uncivilized state. Yu also accepted as historical fact the folk legends found in official geographical texts such as Sinjeung Dongguk Yeoji Seungnam(新增東國輿地勝覽). His use of philological and linguistic methods was at a rudimentary level. Through his Isibildohoegosi, Yu Deuk-gong provided not only an opportunity to approach ancient history from a regional perspective but also a chance to overcome the traditional Three Kingdoms-centered view of ancient history. In doing so, he played a bridging role in establishing a historical system centered on Dangunjoseon, Buyeo, Goguryeo, and Balhae, thereby holding significant historiographical value.