Maritime pilots are essential for the safe navigation of vessels entering and leaving ports. However, they often face demanding shift schedules, including nighttime operations. This study compares the risk levels of daytime and nighttime pilotage thro...
Maritime pilots are essential for the safe navigation of vessels entering and leaving ports. However, they often face demanding shift schedules, including nighttime operations. This study compares the risk levels of daytime and nighttime pilotage through a structured survey administered to licensed maritime pilots. To quantitatively evaluate the relative risks, we utilized Dempster-Shafer theory and Bayesian Network modeling. The findings reveal that the risk level associated with nighttime pilotage is approximately 9.0% higher than that of daytime operations. This research is significant as it identifies key risk factors linked to nighttime pilotage and provides a quantitative assessment of the associated risks.