한흑구 문학에 나타난 평양, 미국, 포항의 장소감 = A Study on the Sense of Place of Pyongyang, America, Pohang in Han Heukgu’s Literature

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This paper examines the sense of place of Pyongyang, the United States, and Pohang in the literature of Heuk-gu Han, a Korean essayist. A sense of place refers to all the results of human interaction with a place, such as individual experiences, memories, and perceptions entangled in a place. In Han Heuk-gu’s literature, Pyongyang is overlapped with his hometown and motherland in his writings during his time studying in the United States and right after his return to Korea. In the writings written after settling in Pohang, Pyongyang is overlapped with the image of the hometown that cannot be visited due to division and the parents who can not meet due to death. Overall, Pyongyang is the base from which his pro-naturalistic tendencies and patriotic Christianity were born. Han Heuk-gu studied in the United States from 1929 to 1934, between the ages of 20 and 24. In his writings at the time of his stay in the United States and immediately after his return, the United States is portrayed negatively as a country with severe racism and class discrimination, a capitalist country where the power of the dollar is strong, and a country where it is difficult for the poor to live. However, in writings from the 1960s, the United States is portrayed positively as a nation of Americans with developed civilization, advanced art, and friendly and philanthropic people. Han Heuk-koo has learned realism, optimism, and a flexible perspective to see the situation from multiple angles in such an America. Moving to Pohang in 1948 at the age of 40, he was cured of tuberculosis in Seoul and enjoyed a simple life with his family. Having even found job security as a professor, he wrote pro-nature great essays in Pohang, a healthy coastal city symbolized by the sea and the sun. In his literature, Pohang is a place of topophilia. The mountains and forests near Pohang replaced the beautiful mountains and streams of Pyongyang, and the East Sea in Yeongil Bay replaced the vastness of America. As a writer who was born North Korea, he presented Pohang, his new hometown, to himself and his family. If the life of his father Han Seung-gon was a modern father’s life, Han Heuk-gu’s choice was a contemporary father’s life.

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