미얀마 군부 정권의 대중동원 메커니즘 = Mass mobilization under military rule in Myanmar

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The research questions do authoritarian regimes need popular supports? In this research, I contend that an authoritarian regime would not achieve its designed goals without popular and partisan support for authoritarian rulers' institutional agendas as political institutions undergird its rule. The study suggests that not only can political parties and interest groups contribute to an authoritarian's mobilising capacity, but also a distinctive type of organisation can strengthen this capacity. I theorise that the necessary supports from the mass would come either from mass-formed organisations or political parties. The study focuses on the case of mass mobilisation by the military regime in Myanmar since 1988. The military regime achieved its mobilisation capacity by establishing a government-sponsored organisation, the Union Solidarity and Development Association, formed in 1993. The formation and mobilisation have been geared toward accomplishing the regime's transition plan to disciplined-flourishing democracy. Indeed, it held several pro-government mass rallies across the country under the theme of supporting the regime's policies, such as convening the National Convention for writing a new constitution, anti-subversion law, and seven steps roadmap to democracy. Later, the members of the association joined as the representatives for the constitution-writing process. Furthermore, the organisation transformed itself from a patron organisation into a political party, the Union Solidarity and Development Party (USDP), before the 2010 general election. The party achieved most seats in the new parliament in 2011 and influenced major political decision-making processes in the legislature. The mass mobilisation by the military regime has provided a safe environment in the post-authoritarian society.

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