유언호(兪彦鎬) 『연석승유기(燕石勝遊記)』의 평점비평(評點批評) 연구 = A Study on the Pyeongjeom criticism in Yu Eon-ho's Yeonseokseungyugi

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본고는 則止軒 兪彦鎬(1730∼1796)의 遊記 9편이 수록된 『燕石勝遊記』를 학계에 소개하고 『연석승유기』에 수행된 평점비평의 양상과 특징적 면모를 밝힌 것이다. 『연석승유기』는 장서각본 『燕石』과 마찬가지로 朴趾源(1737∼1805)과 兪漢雋(1732∼1811)의 평점비평이 수행된 평점비평서이다. 따라서 『연석승유기』는 유언호의 유기 문학의 일단을 살필 수 있는 자료일 뿐만 아니라 『연석』의 평점비평과 더불어 박지원과 유한준의 비평가적 면모를 고구하기 위해서 반드시 검토해야 할 텍스트라고 할 수 있다.
본고는 먼저 『연석승유기』에 수록된 아홉 편의 유기 작품을 개관하고, 『연석승유기』에 수행된 평점비평의 양상을 圈點과 評語의 두 방식으로 나누어 살폈다. 유한준에 비해 박지원은 보다 다채로운 방식의 평점비평을 행했으며, 특히 박지원이 특정 장소의 명칭에 사용한 圓圈의 비평 방식은 『연석』의 평점비평에서도 확인되지 않는 독특한 지점이자, ‘유기’라는 장르적 특성을 고려한 비평 방식임을 밝혔다. 또한 그의 평어는 『연석』에서도 볼 수 있듯이, 자신의 생각 및 의론을 개진한 하나의 독자적이고 완결된 텍스트이기도 하다.
평점비평의 양상을 논의한 바탕에서 본고는 박지원과 유한준이 유언호의 유기에서 간취되는 ‘실경 묘사’를 이해하는 방식을 중심으로 『연석승유기』 평점비평의 특징을 고찰했다. 이들은 유언호의 작품에서 실경 묘사의 핍진함이 부각되는 대목과 세밀한 관찰을 통해 적실한 비유가 사용된 곳에서는 주로 권점을 통해 공감의 의사를 드러내었고, 묘사가 진부하거나 적절하지 않은 곳에서는 평어를 통해 특정 표현을 지양할 것을 지적ㆍ비판하기도 하였다.
유언호의 『연석승유기』는 비교적 이른 시기에 유통되었던 평비본 형태의 유기로서, 조선 후기 유기의 향유 방식 변화의 한 축을 담당한다는 점에서 그 문학사적 위치를 가늠할 수 있다. 이러한 작업은 조선 후기 평점비평사의 폭을 넓히고 평비본 형태의 유기가 열람ㆍ유통되던 당대의 문학사적 흐름을 조망하는 데 도움을 줄 것으로 기대된다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This paper introduces Yeonseokseungyugi(燕石勝遊記), which consists of nine ‘Yugi’(遊記: travel essay) written by Yu Eon-ho(兪彦鎬, 1730-1796), to academia for the first time and reveals the distinct characteristic and aspect of pyeongjeom criticism(評點批評) exercised in it. The phenomenon analysis of specific pyeongjeom criticism was conducted based on the overview of the Yeonseokseungyugi, which is stored in the ancient literature reference library of Seoul National University.
Yeonseokseungyugi consists of the same pyeongjeom criticism contained in Yeonseok(燕石), which is currently stored in the Jangseogak library. The unique pyeongjeom criticism presented in the two texts was conducted by Park Ji-won and Yu Han-joon, the two of Yu Eon-ho’s close friends as well as the writers who caused great turbulence to the literary world during the Chosun Dynasty period in the 18th century. The discussion in this paper can be considered as a preliminary study in an attempt to reveal the two writers’ critical demeanor and inclinations by generally understanding their pyeongjeom criticisms presented in Yeonseok.
This paper first briefly summarizes the nine Yugi in Yeonseokseungyugi and examines the pyeongjeom criticism conducted in it, mainly focusing on ‘Kwonjeom’(圈點)(emphatic dots) and ‘Pyeong-eoh’(評語)(critical words and phrases). Subsequent to separate examinations of the pyeongjeom criticism tendency of Park Ji-won and Yu Han-joon based on the brief summaries of Yeonseokseungyugi and pyeongjeom criticism, the way the two writers understood the ‘nature depiction’ in Yu Eon-ho’s works was examined in two perspectives.
One of the most noticeable elements from examining the criticism tendency of the two critics is the uniqueness of kwonjeom and pyeong-eoh criticism methods conducted by Park Ji-won, which isn’t found in the pyeongjeom criticism for Yeonseok. In addition, criticism about the internal characteristics of the text, which was one of the common pyeongjeom criticism methods, was rarely found in Park Ji-won’s works. Instead, he wrote pyeong-eoh by recording his emerging thoughts after reading Yu Eon-ho’s works. It can be said that this type of pyeong-eoh is distinct in the sense that it especially reflects the literary view of Park Ji-won.
Park Ji-won and Yu Han-joon expressed their concurrences by using kwonjeom for the sections where the nature depiction in Yu Eon-ho’s Yugi was very close to reality. In the other way, they pointed out the sections which were considered cliches according to the general principles of Yugi using pyeong-eoh, finding a way to interact with the literary work. Actually, Pyeongjeom criticism for Yeonseokseungyugi was where the ‘nature stroll at home’(臥遊) for Park Ji-won and Yu Han-joon took place, using Yu Eon-ho’s Yugi as a tool.
In conclusion, Yeonseokseungyugi was one of the Yugi which was circulated comparatively early in a pyeongjeom criticism format. Its place in the history of literature can be fathomed by considering the contribution it made in taking a part in changing the way people enjoyed Yugi during the late 18th century of the Chosun Dynasty. In summary, this paper is expected to broaden the history of pyeongjeom criticism in the late Chosun Dynasty period and assist in understanding the flow of the history of literature at the time where Yugi in the pyeongjeom criticism format was read and circulated.