남공철(南公轍) 연행록(燕行錄) 소재(所載) 환술(幻術) 기록에 대한 연구 = A Study on the Record of Magic Arts written by Nam Gongcheol(南公轍)

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This paper introduces the record of magic written by Nam Gongcheol南公轍(1760-1840) who had visited Beijing北京 in 1807, and will examine the characteristics of the record distinguished from the other records of magic. In 1807, Nam Gongcheol visited Beijing as a Dongjisa冬至使(envoy). This record is reported as a diary entitled Diary日記. This unknown diary has recently been introduced to academia, and this article focuses specifically on the record of magic in the Diary.
The magic was considered a must-see for those who participated in the visiting Beijing group, and most of the travel records still contain a record of magic. As a envoy, Nam Gongcheol led the magicians to the embassy of the Joseon Dynasty in Beijing, and brought them to magic show. He basically says that 'magic' is a 'bad thing' in that it deceives a person's eyes, but it is just a ritual reference. Rather, he had great interest in the wonderful attractions of Beijing including magic. He records 22 magics, most of which are also observed in other people's travel records. The characteristic of Nam Gongcheol's magic record is that he adds criticism to the many magic he has seen. This criticism, however, focuses more on how a magician uses a trick than going beyond a simple feeling.
Nam Gongcheol distinguished between 'craft', which uses the tools and devices to practice the same movements as 'magic', which deceives the eyes of the audience with skilled movements, and provides the things that ordinary people can not easily do. This is not the same as treating most of the rituals as 'oddities' without distinguishing them. The most distinctive feature of Nam Gongcheol’s magic record is that he studying the trick for half of 22 magics. It was impossible from the beginning unless he had the attitude of trying to catch the trick of magic.
The reason why Nam Gongcheol was able to distinguish magic from simple crafts and able to reveal the tricks was that he had advance information about magic. He could get these information from Park Jiwon 朴趾源, Yi Deokmu李德懋, Park Jega朴齊家 and Yu Deukgong柳得恭 who already had visited Beijing and had seen magic in advance. Additionaly, the pictures and information provided by the Samjaedohoe三才圖會 etc, which were presumed to have seen before the real magic show, greatly alleviated the shock that he would have to observe the magic. So, while Nam Gongcheol was watching magic for the first time, he was able to concentrate on the tricks of magic without hitting from glitz.
The magic, which is considered odd and unbelievable, turns out to be a trick by accumulating experience and record, but it is not uncommon to find out how it play a trick on people’s eyes. It is significant that Nam Gongcheol's magic record focused on how the magic play a trick on people’s eyes, shows his advanced view of magic of Nam Gongcheol.