Welfare Responsibility, Civic Morality, and the Environmental Attitudes in Korea

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Recent scholarships on the potential intersection between the welfare and environmental agendas suggest the need for a transition from a traditional welfare state to an eco-welfare state. Although the relationship between the two states has been explored mainly at the macro level, relatively little is known about the relationships at the micro level. In this context, our study explored the attitudinal aspect of the welfare-to-environment linkage in Korea by bringing in the concept of civic morality into the discussion. Using a nationally representative data, partial proportional odds logit analysis was conducted to analyze the effects of welfare responsibility and civic morality on environmental attitudes. Citizens with higher welfare perception were found more likely to show environmental concern, while the effect of welfare had a negative relationship with environmental taxpaying willingness. However, citizens’ moral attitude was positively associated with both environmental attitudes, although it was more pronounced in predicting environmental taxpaying willingness.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 Gough, Ian, "Welfare states and environmental states : a comparative analysis" 25 (25): 24-47, 2016

2 Arts, Wil, "Welfare States, Solidarity and Justice Principles: Does the Type Really Matter?" 44 (44): 283-299, 2001

3 Williams, Richard, "Understanding and Interpreting Generalized Ordered Logit Models" 40 (40): 7-20, 2016

4 UNDP, "UNDP-UN Environment Poverty- Environment Initiative: UNDP-UN Environment Poverty-Environment Initiative" 2011

5 Franzen, Axel, "Two decades of measuring environmental attitudes : A comparative analysis of 33 countries" 23 (23): 1001-1008, 2013

6 Hitlin, Steven, "The new sociology of morality" 39 : 2013

7 Handler, Joel F, "The moral construction of poverty: Welfare reform in America" Sage Publications, Inc 1991

8 Jahan, Selim, "The environment-poverty nexus" 3 : 53-70, 2003

9 Hasenfeld, Yeheskel, "The determinants of public attitudes toward the welfare state" 67 (67): 1027-1048, 1989

10 Roosma, Femke, "The Weakest Link in Welfare State Legitimacy : European Perceptions of Moral and Administrative Failure in the Targeting of Social Benefits" 55 (55): 489-508, 2014

11 Barry, John, "The State and the Global Ecological Crisis" MIT Press 2005

12 Taylor, Dorceta E, "The Rise of the Environmental Justice Paradigm : Injustice Framing and the Social Construction of Environmental Discourses" 43 (43): 508-580, 2000

13 Feinberg, Matthew, "The Moral Roots of Environmental Attitudes" 24 (24): 56-62, 2013

14 Larsen, Christian Albrekt, "The Institutional Logic of Welfare Attitudes : How Welfare Regimes Influence Public Support" 41 (41): 145-168, 2008

15 Fitzpatrick, Tony, "The Implications of Ecological Thought for Social Welfare" 18 (18): 5-26, 1998

16 Burstein, Paul, "The Impact of Public Opinion on Public Policy : A Review and an Agenda" 56 (56): 29-40, 2003

17 Bailey, Daniel, "The Environmental Paradox of the Welfare State : The Dynamics of Sustainability" 20 (20): 793-811, 2015

18 Dryzek, "The Ecological Crisis of the Welfare State"

19 Mettler, Suzanne, "The Consequences of Public Policy for Democratic Citizenship : Bridging Policy Studies and Mass Politics" 2 (2): 55-73, 2004

20 Dinesen, Peter Thisted, "The Civic Personality: Personality and Democratic Citizenship" 62 (62): 134-152, 2014

21 Orviska, Marta, "Tax Evasion, Civic Duty and the Law Abiding Citizen" 19 (19): 83-102, 2003

22 Hildingsson, Roger, "Sustainability and the Political Economy of Welfare" Routledge 94-108, 2016

23 Lazarus, R. J, "Super Wicked Problems and Climate Change : Restraining the Present to Liberate the Future" 94 : 1153-1233, 2009

24 Spaargaren, G., "Sociology, Environment, and Modernity : Ecological Modernization as a Theory of Social Change" 5 (5): 323-344, 1992

25 Dryzek and List, "Social Choice Theory and Deliberative Democracy : A Reconciliation" 33 (33): 1-28, 2003

26 Long, J Scott, "Regression Models for Categorical Dependent Variables Using Statar" Stata press 2014

27 김석호, "Quality of Civil Society and Participatory Democracy in ISSP Countries" 사회발전연구소 45 (45): 113-150, 2016

28 Craemer, Thomas, "Psychological ‘Self–other Overlap’and Support for Slavery Reparations" 38 (38): 668-680, 2009

29 UN, "Protecting Environment Is ‘an Urgent Moral Imperative’, Sacred Duty for All People of Faith" United Nations 2015

30 Jackson, Tim, "Prosperity without growth?: The transition to a sustainable economy" 2009

31 Kidd, Quentin, "Postmaterialist Values and the Environment : A Critique and Reappraisal" 78 (78): 1-15, 1997

32 Fang, Wei-Ta, "Normative Beliefs, Attitudes, and Social Norms: people Reduce Waste as an Index of Social Relationships when Spending Leisure Time" 9 (9): 1696-, 2017

33 O’Connor, James R., "Natural Causes: Essays in Ecological Marxism" Guilford Press 1998

34 Sieben, I, "Morality and the Public Good in Post-Socialist European States" 7 (7): 2015

35 Frey, B. S, "Morality and rationality in environmental policy" 22 (22): 395-417, 1999

36 Henricson, Clem, "Morality and public policy" Policy Press 2016

37 Miles, Andrew, "Morality and Politics : Comparing Alternate Theories" 53 : 252-269, 2015

38 Hitlin, Steven, "Moral selves, evil selves: The social psychology of conscience" Springer 2008

39 Liere, Kent D., "Moral Norms and Environmental Behavior : An Application of Schwartz’s Norm‐Activation Model to Yard Burning" 8 (8): 174-188, 1978

40 Findor, Andrej, "Moral Foundations of Welfare Attitudes : The Role of Moral Intuition and Reasoning in Pursuing Social Justice" 2016

41 Low, Michelle, "Moral Foundations and Attitudes Towards the Poor" 35 (35): 650-656, 2016

42 Bandura, Albert, "Moral Disengagement in the Perpetration of Inhumanities" 3 (3): 193-209, 1999

43 Skitka, Linda J, "Moral Conviction and Political Engagement" 29 (29): 29-54, 2008

44 Inglehart, Ronald, "Measuring postmaterialism" 93 (93): 665-677, 1999

45 Dunlap, Riley E., "Measuring Endorsement of the New Ecological Paradigm : A Revised NEP Scale" 56 (56): 425-442, 2000

46 Parris, Christie L, "Justice for All? Factors Affecting Perceptions of Environmental and Ecological Injustice" 27 (27): 67-98, 2014

47 Rothstein, Bo, "Just Institutions Matter: the Moral and Political Logic of the Universal Welfare State" Cambridge University Press 1998

48 Letki, Natalia, "Investigating the Roots of Civic Morality : Trust, Social Capital, and Institutional Performance" 28 (28): 305-325, 2006

49 Bamberg, S, "How Does Environmental Concern Influence Specific Environmentally Related Behaviors? A New Answer to an Old Question" 23 (23): 21-32, 2003

50 Steensland, Brian, "Handbook of the Sociology of Morality" Springer 455-468, 2010

51 Fullerton, Andrew S, "Generational conflict or methodological artifact? Reconsidering the relationship between age and policy attitudes in the US, 1984–2008" 74 (74): 643-673, 2010

52 James Harvey, "Generalized morality, institutions and economic growth, and the intermediating role of generalized trust" 68 (68): 165-196, 2015

53 Williams, Richard, "Generalized Ordered Logit/Partial Proportional Odds Models for Ordinal Dependent Variables" 6 (6): 58-, 2006

54 Meadowcroft, James, "From Welfare State to Ecostate" 3 : 23-, 2005

55 윤순진, "Framing Climate Change as an Economic Opportunity in South Korean Newspapers" 사회발전연구소 43 (43): 219-238, 2014

56 Jansson, Johan, "Exploring consumer adoption of a high involvement eco‐innovation using value‐belief‐norm theory" 10 (10): 51-60, 2011

57 Fu, Vincent, "Estimating generalized ordered logit models" 8 (8): 1999

58 Fransson, Niklas, "Environmental concern : Conceptual definitions, measurement methods, and research findings" 19 (19): 369-382, 1999

59 Franzen, Axel, "Environmental attitudes in cross-national perspective : A multilevel analysis of the ISSP 1993 and 2000" 26 (26): 219-234, 2009

60 Walker, Gordon, "Environmental Justice: Concepts, Evidence and Politics" Routledge 2012

61 Crumpei, Irina, "Environmental Attitudes and Ecological Moral Reasoning in Romanian Students" 114 : 461-465, 2014

62 Fitzpatrick, Tony, "Environment and welfare: towards a green social policy" Palgrave Macmillan 2002

63 Algan, Yann, "Efficient and Inefficient Welfare States" 2011

64 Gough, Ian, "Economic crisis, climate change and the future of welfare states" 5 (5): 51-64, 2010

65 Cepoi, Victor., "Does Trust Make People more Civically Moral? An Empirical Study for the Romanian and Moldovan societies/Ali zaupanje naredi ljudi bolj moralne? Empiricna studija na primeru romunske in moldavijske druzbe" 9 (9): 264-, 2016

66 Jakobsson, Niklas, "Dividing the pie in the eco-social state: Exploring the relationship between public support for environmental and welfare policies" 2017

67 Schlosberg, David, "Defining Environmental Justice: Theories, Movements, and Nature" Oxford University Press 2009

68 Gough, Ian, "Decarbonizing the welfare state" Oxford University Press 2011

69 Robbins, Blaine, "Culture, Coercion, and Compliance" SSRN 2018

70 Miller, Joan G, "Cultural Diversity in the Morality of Caring : Individually Oriented Versus Duty-Based Interpersonal Moral Codes" 28 (28): 3-39, 1994

71 Olli, Eero, "Correlates of Environmental Behaviors : Bringing Back Social Context" 33 (33): 181-208, 2001

72 Svallfors, Stefan, "Contested welfare states: Welfare attitudes in Europe and beyond" 222-, 2012

73 Spies-Butcher, Ben, "Climate Change and the Welfare State? Exploring Australian Attitudes to Climate and Social Policy" 52 (52): 741-758, 2016

74 Owen, Ann L., "Civic Cooperation, Pro-environment Attitudes, and Behavioral Intentions" 58 (58): 814-829, 2006

75 Dalton, Russell J, "Citizenship Norms and the Expansion of Political Participation" 56 (56): 76-98, 2008

76 Koch, Max, "Building the eco-social state: do welfare regimes matter?" 43 (43): 679-703, 2014

77 Brant, Rollin., "Assessing Proportionality in the Proportional Odds Model for Ordinal Logistic Regression" 1171-1178, 1990

78 Bolzendahl, Catherine, "Are ‘Good’ Citizens ‘Good’ Participants? Testing Citizenship Norms and Political Participation across 25 Nations" 61 (61): 45-65, 2013

79 Stern, Paul C, "A Value-belief-norm Theory of Support for Social Movements: The Case of Environmentalism" 81-97, 1999

80 Borghesi, Simone, "2 Income Inequality and the Environmental Kuznets Curve" 33 : 2006