동성결혼 합법화는 어떻게 가능하였는가?: 여론과 정당정치 그리고 연방주의 = Legalization of Same-sex Marriage in the U.S.: Public Opinion, Party Politics, and Federalism

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This paper investigated the legalization process of same-sex marriage in the U.S., focusing on the controversy around it and the roles of public opinion, political parties, and the U.S. Supreme Court.
As one of typical value-conflicting issues in the U.S., the legalization of same-sex marriage has been resolved with the decision of the U.S. Supreme Court. But, with careful examination of the process, three main factors are interacting each other in the legalization of same-sex marriage. First, public opinion toward it becomes more and more positive, especially after several judicial disputes in state court around 2010s. Second, new framing on this issue turned out to be successful in the legalization of it. The civic groups supporting legalization has changed the issue with new frame which makes same-sex marriage as rights and discrimination issue on citizens, rather than same-sex couples themselves. Finally, president Obama and the Democratic Party decided to make it public agenda in order to isolate the Republican Party from the mass public.
The legalization process of same-sex marriage proves once again what is to be done to resolve social conflicts in the U.S. narrowly and representative democracy in general. Grounded in fundamental values such as individualism and pluralism, policy-makers should consider how to integrate the mass public first, and it is needless to say that political actors such as political parties should playing key role in the process of resolution.

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