부랴트어 소멸위기와 민족정체성 = 러시아연방 부랴트공화국을 중심으로

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The Buryats are a part of Mongolian ethnic groups subjugated by Russia in the late 17th century. In the process of resistance against the subjugation, they formed the Buryat ethnic consciousness. However, nowadays only about quarter of the Buryats use Buryat language and the number of Buryat language users continuously decreases. Major reasons for that include 1) the Soviet government made Russian language the only official language during the Soviet Union, 2) the school system uses Russian language and allows very few hours for Buryat language, 3) Russians has been the majority (about 70%), the Buryats has been the minority (about 25%), and major social positions are occupied by Russians, 4) those who use Buryat language move to urban areas don`t use Buryat language any more in general, 5) the increasing number of Buryat families use Russian at home, 6) no effective efforts on the government and the congress for Buryat language, and 7) the stigma on Buryat language. The reponses on the decrease of Buryat language usage are different from generation to generation. The young group don`t have interest in using Buryat language and they think the Buryatness does not depend on Buryat language usage but on blood and face. However, the old generation still consider Buryat language as the major criteria for the Buryatness. Rapid decrease of the users of Buryat language makes it impossible to use Buryat language as the main criteria for Buryat identity. Buryate language is in the process of being deleted from the criteria of Buryat ethnic identity.