은퇴 준비와 은퇴 후 재무걱정: 한국, 중국, 미국 비교

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The purpose of this study was to find some influencing factors on retirement preparedness and financial stress in order to improve retirement preparedness and financial stress from cross-cultural perspective. Data was collected by surveying Koreans, Chinese, and Americans living in Korea, China and America respectively. Findings showed that Chinese scored the highest, Koreans scored the lowest on the retirement preparedness, while Americans scored the highest and Chinese scored the lowest on the financial stress after retirement. Second, there was difference in influencing factors on retirement preparedness and financial stress after retirement among the subgroups. In case of Koreans, retirement preparedness was affected significantly by more various psychological variables such as self-confidence, optimism, and self-control comparing Chinese and Americans. Self-control was most powerful for Koreans and optimism amd overconfidence were for Americans. Third, there were negative relationships between self-confidence and retirement preparedness and between optimism and retirement preparedness. But there was a positive relationship between self-control and retirement preparedness. Fourth, Americans who share a cultural belief in individualism scored higher on financial stress of retirement compared to people from collectivism cultures, such as the Chinese and Koreans. Consequently Korean financial education and counseling must focus on self-control and improving collectivism so that they can make retirement preparedness themselves not depend on their parents and government.